{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:51:34Z","timestamp":1790715094396,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Problematic use of smartphone (PUS) is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and may be influenced by both peer relationships and emotion\u2010regulation capacities. This study tested whether difficulties in emotion regulation mediate the association between peer attachment and PUS, and whether these pathways differ by gender, age, and school type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey recruited 12,099 Chinese adolescents (mean age\u00a0=\u00a018.93 years, 58% female) through stratified cluster sampling. Participants completed validated measures of PUS, peer attachment, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) examined mediation via a latent DERS factor, controlling for demographics. Multi\u2010group SEM evaluated moderation across gender, age (&gt;\u00a018 vs. \u2264\u00a018), and school (university vs. high school).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Peer attachment was negatively associated with emotion\u2010regulation difficulties (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.296,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and with PUS (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.144,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Emotion\u2010regulation difficulties positively predicted PUS (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.372,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The indirect effect (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.110, 95% CI [\u22120.116, \u22120.104]) confirmed partial mediation. Multi\u2010group SEM indicated significant moderation (\u0394\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a076.01\u201393.70, all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001): the effect of emotion\u2010regulation difficulties on PUS was stronger among females; the impact of weaker peer attachment on emotion regulation was stronger among younger adolescents; and school type moderated both the path and the direct effect on PUS. Nevertheless, the mediation pathway remained significant in all subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emotion\u2010regulation difficulties partially explain the link between peer attachment and PUS in adolescents. The strength of these pathways varies by gender, age, and school context, highlighting emotion regulation as a promising intervention target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T06:18:11Z","timestamp":1769667491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Mediate the Association Between Peer Attachment and Problematic Use of Smartphone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zi\u2010Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhenjiang Mental Health Center Zhenjiang Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhenjiang Mental Health Center Zhenjiang Jiangsu 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