{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:29:04Z","timestamp":1791401344126,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a complex interplay of motor and non\u2010motor symptoms. While cross\u2010sectional studies have shown a link between psychological symptoms and self\u2010reported physical function, the longitudinal and directional nature of this relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the temporal relationships between psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) and physical function (both participant\u2010reported and clinician\u2010rated) in individuals with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a rigorous longitudinal analytical approach, random\u2010intercept cross\u2010lagged panel modeling (RI\u2010CLPM), on data from 1128 individuals with PD from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset. We examined directional cross\u2010lagged paths between psychological symptoms (via GDS and STAI) and physical function measures (via MDS\u2010UPDRS Parts II and III).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis revealed significant bidirectional cross\u2010lagged paths between depressive symptoms and participant\u2010reported physical function. A worsening of depression scores predicted a subsequent decline in participant\u2010reported physical function (via MDS\u2010UPDRS Part II), and vice versa. In contrast, no significant cross\u2010lagged paths were found between psychological symptoms and clinician\u2010rated motor function (via MDS\u2010UPDRS Part III). The analysis also showed a significant unidirectional path from participant\u2010reported function to future clinician\u2010rated function, suggesting that a participant's self\u2010perception of disability may precede objective motor decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings reveal a bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and an individual's own reporting of their physical function. This emphasizes the important role of patient\u2010reported outcomes as an indicator of PD progression. Therefore, we advocate for an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in clinical practice, where mental health screening and support are included in standard PD care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:02:32Z","timestamp":1770904952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal Dynamics of Physical Function With Anxiety and Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross\u2010Lagged Panel Analysis of the PPMI Dataset"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, West Park Hospital  Darlington UK"},{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Health York St John University  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Health York St John University  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charikleia","family":"Sinani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Health York St John University  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divine","family":"Charura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education, Language and Psychology York St John University  York UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna L.","family":"Glandorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Health York St John University  York UK"},{"name":"Lohfert &amp; Lohfert  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"AAN. 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