{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T09:04:44Z","timestamp":1780909484016,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["252102310254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252102310254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81600574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30871042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30871042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ankle brachial index (ABI) is widely used to evaluate peripheral artery disease and atherosclerosis. Given the recognized links between atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment, this study was designed to evaluate the association between ABI and cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 408 elderly hypertensive patients from two hospitals were included and followed up for two years in 3 groups according to the ABI tertiles (Low ABI, ABI &lt; 1.07 (n = 140); Intermediate ABI 1.07\u20101.12 (n = 136), High ABI &gt; 1.12 (n = 132)). Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE). Multiple analyses were used to evaluate the connection between ABI and cognitive function. Subgroup analyses along with interaction tests were done to see if this link was consistent. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the cognitive decline among 3 groups during a 2\u2010year follow\u2010up adjusted for related confounding factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ABI was independently correlated with MMSE score (B: 9.844, 95% CI: 7.088\u201312.600,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), while the blood pressure\u2010related parameters and brachial\u2010ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV) were not. The frequencies of cognitive impairment decreased among the 3 groups (22.1%, 8.1%, 3.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Compared with high ABI group, low ABI group was associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (OR: 5.980, 95% CI: 1.966\u201018.187,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015). ABI was negatively associated with cognitive impairment (OR: 0.057, 95% CI: 0.014\u20100.787,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026), and this association was more pronounced in the old\u2010old subgroup. The MMSE score decline value decreased among 3 groups overall (F = 9.619,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and old\u2010old (F = 5.333,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006) hypertensive patients over a 2\u2010year follow\u2010up, but not in the young\u2010old patients (F = 2.345,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.098).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ABI is associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive function decline in elderly hypertensive patients, superior to the blood pressure\u2010related parameters and BaPWV. Besides, the association is stronger in the old\u2010old than in the young\u2010old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T16:30:29Z","timestamp":1774801829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Ankle Brachial Index and Cognitive Function in Elderly Hypertensive Patients: A 2\u2010Year Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2617-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Department, Central China Subcenter of National Center For Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Central\u2010China Cardiovascular Hospital Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hancheng Mining Bureau General Hospital  Hancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hancheng Mining Bureau General Hospital  Hancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9010-4660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067946"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357\u2010023\u201000966\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2017.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.6262\u201011.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x251336736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571\u2010015\u20100308\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906\u2010018\u20100867\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(05)67889\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103956(75)90026\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.2.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hypertension Prevalence and Control Among Adults: United States, 2015\u20132016","volume":"289","author":"Fryar C. 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