{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T09:02:56Z","timestamp":1780909376070,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA016672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA049216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA049216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic tobacco use has been linked to alterations in brain structure, yet how these changes are organized across large\u2010scale networks and relate to underlying neurochemistry remains unclear. This study combined structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H\u2010MRS) to examine network organization and neurochemical alterations in smokers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010one smokers and 51 non\u2010smokers underwent whole\u2010brain structural MRI and single\u2010voxel\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H\u2010MRS in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), a hub within executive\u2010control and salience networks. Individualized structural covariance networks were constructed from cortical thickness values, and graph theory was applied to evaluate global and regional properties.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the network level, smokers exhibited reduced modularity across multiple densities, indicating weaker segregation of brain systems with otherwise preserved global topology. Exploratory cortical thickness analyses suggested diffuse thinning in smokers, although these effects did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. At the neurochemical level, smokers demonstrated lower total N\u2010acetylaspartate (tNAA) in the dACC (Cliff's \u03b4 = 0.35), consistent with reduced neuronal integrity. No group differences were observed for glutamine, glutathione, or GABA. Regional analyses revealed reduced centrality in executive\u2010control areas and relatively increased centrality in sensory and reward\u2010related regions. Exploratory correlations between smoking severity, network metrics, and tNAA were weak and did not survive multiple comparisons correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic smoking was associated with reduced network segregation and lower dACC tNAA values. By incorporating whole\u2010brain network analyses with regionally specific spectroscopy in our study, we add a multiscale perspective on vulnerability in smokers and reinforce the importance of longitudinal, regionally specific studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T01:40:20Z","timestamp":1777081220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduced Whole\u2010Brain Network Segregation and Dorsal Anterior\u2010Cingulate Cortex Neurochemical Alterations in Chronic Smokers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Humberto","family":"Monsivais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Versace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Science The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Wintermark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386\u2010020\u20100741\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0356\u201020.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology","author":"Benowitz N. L.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2008.027276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.1987.tb32915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364\u20106613(00)01483\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addicn.2021.100003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.114.3.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200020032051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a012146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24478"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495\u2010200262002\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460\u20109568.2006.05050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.rev.2021\u20100096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"Guer O. C.Schutz F.Traber W.Block W.Maier andH.Schild.2006. \u201cProton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Left Prefrontal and Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Smokers Participating in a Smoking Cessation Program.\u201d InAnnual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America.Radiological Society of North America."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000345915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360\u20100443.1991.tb01879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010014\u20101190\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28720-6_131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02247-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097\u20104679(199511)51:6<768::AID\u2010JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R [R], Version 2024.12.1+563","author":"Posit Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100301"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.07.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.1.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120525"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00590"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721003937"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13446"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18040380"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6802_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201057510\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010021\u201005819\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","volume-title":"WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2023: Protect People From Tobacco Smoke","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010024\u201002764\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","first-page":"684","article-title":"Brain Structural Covariance Networks in Obsessive\u2010Compulsive Disorder: A Graph Analysis From the ENIGMA Consortium","volume":"143","author":"Yun J. Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010017\u20109699\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1572463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00199"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71391","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.71391","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T08:19:26Z","timestamp":1780906766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.71391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.71391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.71391","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71391"}}