{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T09:02:52Z","timestamp":1780909372071,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1506\u201004312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1506\u201004312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012675","name":"Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012675","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease where dietary intervention has emerged as a potential adjunct treatment. Recently, the modified Paleolithic elimination (MPE) diet, also known as the Wahls diet, and the low\u2010saturated fat (LSF) diet, also known as the Swank diet, were linked to reduced fatigue and improved quality of life (QoL) in the WAVES study (NCT02914964). However, how diet impacts these outcomes remains unclear. As diet impacts gut microbiota, we investigated whether the baseline gut microbiota can predict response to diet in people with MS (pwMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed fecal 16s rRNA sequencing to profile the microbiome changes associated with pwMS receiving the MPE (\n                      <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>\n                      11) and LSF diet (\n                      <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>\n                      12). Next, we utilized topic modeling, a machine learning technique, to determine whether baseline microbiome features predicted diet response in the combined MPE\n                      <jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\n                      LSF dietary cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>\n                      23).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Specific genera significantly differed over time on both diets. On the MPE diet,\n                      <jats:italic>Hungateiclostridiaceae, Ruminiclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Shuttleworthia<\/jats:italic>\n                      decreased, while\n                      <jats:italic>Coriobacteriaceae Collinsella<\/jats:italic>\n                      decreased on LSF. Predictive machine\u2010learning analysis associated a baseline microbiome enriched with\n                      <jats:italic>Akkermansia, Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Barnesiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      with fatigue response in the combined MPE\n                      <jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\n                      LSF cohort. For a non\u2010response in Mental QoL improvement in the combined MPE\n                      <jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\n                      LSF cohort, our analysis associated an enrichment of\n                      <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic>\n                      at the start of the diet.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing topic modeling, this pilot study identified baseline microbiota communities linked to improvements in fatigue and Mental QoL in pwMS on dietary intervention. These findings highlight the microbiota's role in dietary response and the potential for personalized nutrition. Given the small cohort and exploratory design, the results are hypothesis\u2010generating and require validation in larger mechanistic studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T11:47:58Z","timestamp":1776685678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting Dietary Impact on Multiple Sclerosis\u2010Related Symptoms With the Gut Microbiome: A Pilot Study Using Unsupervised Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9785-4592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leeann Aguilar","family":"Meza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8788-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel L","family":"Fitzjerrells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Informatics University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farnoosh","family":"Shemirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler J","family":"Titcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M","family":"Rubenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick Ten","family":"Eyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Translational Science University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda G.","family":"Snetselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailesh K.","family":"Shahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry L","family":"Wahls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9926-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashutosh K","family":"Mangalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Informatics University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"College of Dentistry University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Iowa City VA Health Care System  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13657-3_43"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102017\u2010315936"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1176016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2008.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091260"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Your Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Have Set Wellness as a High Priority\u2014 And the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Is Responding","volume":"11","author":"Dunn M. 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