{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:58:31Z","timestamp":1788058711440,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF\u20102026\u2010996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF\u20102026\u2010996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Natural compounds, such as citronellal (CTL), daidzin (DZN), and phytol (PHY), have demonstrated potential anticonvulsant properties, but their combined effects remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant efficacy of CTL, DZN, and PHY, individually and in combination, using in vivo and in silico approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the in vivo study, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)\u2010induced seizures in chicks were used to assess seizure latency, frequency, and duration. CTL (250\u00a0mg\/kg), DZN (20\u00a0mg\/kg), and PHY (75\u00a0mg\/kg) were administered oral (p.o.), alone and in combination. Carbamazepine (CAR, 80\u00a0mg\/kg) and diazepam (DZP, 5\u00a0mg\/kg) served as standard controls. In silico molecular docking was performed against \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid A (GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and voltage\u2010gated sodium channel (VGSC), whereas pharmacokinetics and toxicity predictions were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results showed that CTL, DZN, and PHY significantly increased seizure latency, reduced seizure frequency, and shortened seizure duration. The combination of CTL\u00a0+\u00a0DZN\u00a0+\u00a0PHY enhanced these effects by increasing latency and reducing seizure frequency and duration. When combined with DZP, the combination provided the highest protection (83.33%) and significantly reduced seizure duration. Docking studies revealed strong binding affinities (BAs) to GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      (CTL: \u22127.0\u00a0kcal\/mol, DZN: \u22128.4\u00a0kcal\/mol, PHY: \u22125.4\u00a0kcal\/mol) and VGSC (DZN: \u22128.9\u00a0kcal\/mol). Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed good absorption and blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) permeability, whereas toxicity profiling indicated a high safety margin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that CTL, DZN, and PHY exert significant anticonvulsant effects via GABAergic and sodium channel modulation, warranting further clinical investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:49:26Z","timestamp":1776408566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anticonvulsant Effects of Citronellal, Daidzin, and Phytol, Possibly Through GABA\n                    <sub>A<\/sub>\n                    Receptor and Voltage\u2010Gated Sodium Channel Interaction Pathways: In Vivo and In Silico Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7390-056X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emon","family":"Mia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Gopalganj Science and Technology University  Gopalganj Bangladesh"},{"name":"Alor Dishari Research Organization  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6382-5867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Anisur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Islamic University  Kushtia Bangladesh"},{"name":"BUBT Research Graduate School Bangladesh University of Business and Technology  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7693-303X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Nasimul Haque","family":"Shipon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Gopalganj Science and Technology University  Gopalganj Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9267-9860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moushumi Afroza","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science St. John's University, Queens  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9115-1149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Proma","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Gopalganj Science and Technology University  Gopalganj Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2552-8952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imam Hossen","family":"Rakib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Gopalganj Science and Technology University  Gopalganj Bangladesh"},{"name":"Alor Dishari Research Organization  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3870-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Abu","family":"Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh  Tangail Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6392-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Torequl","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Gopalganj Science and Technology University  Gopalganj Bangladesh"},{"name":"Bioinformatics and Drug Innovation Laboratory BioLuster Research Center Ltd.  Gopalganj Bangladesh"},{"name":"Pharmacy Discipline Khulna University  Khulna Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7560-4041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. 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