{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:49:32Z","timestamp":1791625772940,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the effects of pencil\u2010electrode transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to the masseter muscle on tinnitus severity, bruxism\u2010related discomfort, and quality of life in individuals with chronic bruxism\u2010associated tinnitus and normal hearing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010one adults with normal hearing thresholds (\u2264\u00a020\u00a0dB HL at 0.5\u20134\u00a0kHz) and chronic subjective tinnitus related to bruxism were randomly assigned to a TENS group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 18; mean age: 41.4 \u00b1 11.8 years) or a control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 13; mean age: 36.9 \u00b1 8.8 years). TENS was administered four times per week for 5 weeks. Outcome measures included the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS; 0\u201310, assessing bruxism\u2010related jaw discomfort and tinnitus severity), Generalized Anxiety Disorder\u20107 (GAD\u20107), Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC), mandibular range of motion (ROM), and SF\u201036 Quality of Life Scale. All questionnaires were administered at baseline and after completion of treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The TENS group demonstrated significant reductions in THI total and subscale scores, VAS bruxism\u2010related discomfort and tinnitus severity, anxiety (GAD\u20107), and oral parafunctional behaviors (OBC), along with significant improvements in mandibular ROM and SF\u201036 pain and general health subscales (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the control group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pencil\u2010electrode TENS applied to the masseter muscle appears to be an effective, non\u2010invasive treatment for bruxism\u2010associated tinnitus, potentially acting through somatosensory neuromodulation mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:50:26Z","timestamp":1777438226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting Tinnitus via Masseter Muscle Stimulation: Innovative Pencil\u2010Electrode TENS Therapy for Bruxism\u2010Associated Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4185-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehra","family":"Aydo\u011fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences Ankara University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6089-737X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazife","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk \u00d6zde\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology and Speech Disorders Department, Institute of Health Sciences Ankara University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2175-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevgi","family":"Kutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences Ankara University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4340-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00fcbra","family":"Binay Bolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology and Speech Disorders Department, Institute of Health Sciences Ankara University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0652-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Ocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ankara University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: A Study of Validity and Reliability","volume":"13","author":"Aksoy S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Tinnitus Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2017.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215106000910"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2022.103521"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2011.02224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres15050114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2024.2404270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(02)00168-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/084)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1592"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00487-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"K\u0131sa Form\u201036 (SF\u201036)'n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Versiyonunun G\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi Ve Ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of Short Form\u201036 (SF\u201036)","volume":"12","author":"Ko\u00e7yi\u011fit H.","year":"1999","journal-title":"\u0130la\u00e7 ve Tedavi Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/npa.y6308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2013.844854"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(97)70145-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative Effects of Dental Treatment and Two Different Physical Therapy Interventions in Individuals With Bruxism: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"3","author":"Miotto C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10011-1090"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Tensor Tympani Muscle: Strange Chewing Muscle","volume":"12","author":"Ram\u00edrez L. 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