{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:49:28Z","timestamp":1791625768491,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The exam period is a period full of intense stress and anxiety that deeply affects cognitive and physiological responses for university students. Listening to music has the potential to protect cellular health and alleviate the negative effects of stress by affecting individuals' mood, and cognitive functions. This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of 528 and 432\u00a0Hz music frequencies on salivary BDNF, CREB, and GRP78 levels in young adults, along with their association with cognitive performance under exam\u2010related stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 162 healthy university students were randomly assigned to three groups: no music (control), 528\u00a0Hz instrumental music, and 432\u00a0Hz instrumental music. Participants listened to music for 20 min, after which saliva samples were collected and analyzed for brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glucose\u2010regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and cyclic AMP response element\u2010binding protein (CREB) levels using ELISA. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Stroop word\u2010color test administered by medical doctor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Exposure to 528\u00a0Hz music significantly increased salivary BDNF (3.84 [2.76\u20134.13]) and CREB levels (1.5 [1.38\u20131.59]) compared to control (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), whereas GRP78 levels were elevated in the 432\u00a0Hz group (0.51 [0.47\u20130.58]) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups in Stroop test performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that specific music frequencies elicit distinct biological responses under exam\u2010related stress, even in the absence of immediate cognitive performance differences. Salivary neurotrophic and stress\u2010related biomarkers may offer valuable non\u2010invasive insights into music's neuromodulatory effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: AMU\u2010EC\u20108522<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T16:54:06Z","timestamp":1777308846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acute Music\u2010Frequency Exposure Modulates Salivary Stress and Neurotrophic Markers in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dcmm\u00fc 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T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1943-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do\u011fukan","family":"\u00d6zen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics Ankara University  Ankara 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