{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:49:32Z","timestamp":1791625772975,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving amyloid\u2010\u03b2 deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. This review systematically evaluates the neuroprotective effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Litchi chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and its phytochemicals against AD, focusing on modulation of A\u03b2 accumulation, tau pathology, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction using available preclinical evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to August 2025 using relevant keywords. Studies investigating neuroprotective effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Litchi chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      extracts or compounds in in vitro or in vivo AD models were included, while unrelated studies, duplicates, abstracts, and non\u2010full\u2010text articles were excluded.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Litchi chinensis extracts and phytochemicals demonstrated broad neuroprotective actions. In triple\u2010transgenic mice, oligonol treatment (0.25\u20130.50\u00a0mg\/mL) significantly reduced amyloid precursor protein (APP), \u03b2\u2010secretase, and amyloid\u2010\u03b2 levels, while also decreasing tau hyperphosphorylation. Seed extracts (0.7\u20132.8\u00a0g\/kg\/day) reduced amyloid\u2010\u03b2 accumulation and neuronal injury in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Anti\u2010inflammatory effects were evident through decreased tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, and interferon gamma, alongside increased IL\u20104. Antioxidant defenses were enhanced via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase\u20101 and superoxide dismutase\u20102, while apoptosis was suppressed by increasing Bcl\u20102 and reducing Bax and caspase activity. Synaptic integrity was preserved through upregulation of PSD95, synaptophysin, and serotonin receptor proteins, resulting in improved learning and memory in AD models. Additional benefits included enhanced mitochondrial and proteasomal activity, alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and induction of neurotrophic factors like insulin\u2010like growth factor 2 and fibroblast growth factor 21.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Litchi chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      demonstrates a multitargeted neuroprotective role, making it a promising natural therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's management. However, as most findings are limited to preclinical models, further clinical studies are necessary to validate efficacy, ensure safety, and explore its translational potential.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:32:41Z","timestamp":1778819561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuroprotective Properties of\n                    <i>Litchi chinensis<\/i>\n                    and Its Phytochemicals in Preclinical Models of Alzheimer's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Emon","family":"Mia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Gopalganj Science and Technology University Gopalganj Bangladesh"},{"name":"Alor Dishari Research Organization  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. 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