{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:49:30Z","timestamp":1791625770465,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual dysfunction is a common nonmotor manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) that may precede motor symptoms. This study aimed to characterize the early preformed fibril (PFF) mouse model of PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male C57BL\/6J mice received intrastriatal injections of \u03b1\u2010synuclein (\u03b1\u2010syn) PFFs or phosphate\u2010buffered saline. Visual function was evaluated at 3 and 6 months postinjection using pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) and the visual cliff test. Retinal morphology and protein expression were assessed by hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis for phosphorylated \u03b1\u2010syn (pS129), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Iba1. Pathological \u03b1\u2010syn distribution in the visual pathway and association cortices was examined by fluorescence microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At 3 months, PFF\u2010injected mice showed prolonged PVEP latency and reduced amplitude, indicating early visual pathway dysfunction, which worsened by 6 months. Retinal structure was preserved, but\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010\u03b1\u2010syn accumulation appeared in ganglion cells, accompanied by reduced TH expression and activation of microglia and M\u00fcller glia. The pSer129\u2010immunoreactive structures were detected in the visual cortex and visual association cortices, including frontal, parietal, temporal, and amygdaloid regions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional and pathological alterations in the visual system emerge before motor deficits in \u03b1\u2010syn PFF\u2010injected mice. Early retinal and cortical synucleinopathy may underlie prodromal visual dysfunction and serve as potential biomarkers for early PD diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:34:43Z","timestamp":1778776483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal Pathology and Synucleinopathy in the Visual Pathway of \u03b1\u2010Synuclein Preformed Fibril Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School University of South China  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin\u2010Yi","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Future Science and Engineering Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Ou","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen\u2010Yuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Fang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Suzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Neurological Disorders Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Feng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161732"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X17666191016094857"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29681"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-022-09887-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24182"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115612"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20240386"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05835-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0392-17.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00223-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100970"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00705-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27454"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28182"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.13022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00570-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-0934-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of the Visual Pathway","volume":"234","author":"Heermann S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-01246-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.1933"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.109208"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.6.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01403-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44322-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106323"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1189621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-022-01676-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1008-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.261935"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212838"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66497-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0113-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12718"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.107028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2013.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-016-0346-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68808-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27392"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01575-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/59758"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03268-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnimg.2024.1340754"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2025.104023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130242"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-018-0636-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2024-0319"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/and.2024.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12475"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24182"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1146979"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11495-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.726476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-01956-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-024-02820-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2023.109651"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Interplay Among Norepinephrine, NOX2, and Neuroinflammation: Key Players in Parkinson's Disease and Prime Targets for Therapies","volume":"1","author":"Wang Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww175"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1404-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2024.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.024"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71489","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.71489","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71489","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T09:06:58Z","timestamp":1791623218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.71489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.71489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.71489","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71489"}}