{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:46:20Z","timestamp":1782938780835,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7254306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7254306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with pathological alterations within the thalamus. Nevertheless, volumetric changes in the specific subnuclei of the thalamus in PD patients with dementia (PD\u2010D) remain inadequately characterized. Furthermore, the clinical challenges of diagnosing PD\u2010D at an individual level and forecasting the trajectory of cognitive decline persist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study acquired structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 60 healthy normal controls (NC), 63 PD patients without dementia (PD\u2010nD), and 57 PD\u2010D patients. The volumes of 25 thalamic subnuclei were quantified using FreeSurfer and a novel thalamic segmentation algorithm. Subsequently, individual PD\u2010D diagnosis and severity prediction of cognitive impairment were performed using support vector machines (SVMs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrated atrophy in seven out of 25 left and two out of 25 right thalamic subnuclei in PD\u2010D patients relative to PD\u2010nD patients. When compared to NC subjects, the PD\u2010D group exhibited volume reductions in two left and one right subnuclei, alongside enlargement in several others. Within the PD cohort, the volumes of four left thalamic subnuclei showed a negative correlation with cognitive impairment severity. Machine learning models achieved high accuracy in differentiating PD\u2010nD from NC (89.19%), PD\u2010D from NC (94.29%), and PD\u2010D from PD\u2010nD (83.33%). Moreover, the prediction of Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.7568.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specific thalamic subnuclei undergo atrophy in PD\u2010D, and these morphological changes are linked to cognitive deficit severity. Leveraging these features with machine learning enables accurate individual diagnosis and severity prediction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:51:21Z","timestamp":1782402681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Volume Alterations in Thalamic Subnuclei in Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Machine Learning\u2010Based Prediction of Diagnosis and Severity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yingchuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation  Beijing 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