{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:46:30Z","timestamp":1782938790097,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence regarding the association between vitamin E and depression is inconsistent. To address this uncertainty, we employed a two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to evaluate the potential causal effect of vitamin E on depression risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Genetic associations for vitamin E and depression were obtained from large\u2010scale, publicly available genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS). We applied five complementary MR methods: inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW), MR\u2010Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, with IVW serving as the primary analysis. To evaluate the robustness of our findings, we performed sensitivity analyses including Cochran's\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, the MR\u2010Egger intercept test, MR\u2010Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR\u2010PRESSO), and leave\u2010one\u2010out analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, nine single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). Across all MR methods, the odds ratios (ORs) were statistically non\u2010significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05): IVW (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 0.85\u201315.85,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.082), MR\u2010Egger (OR = 28.77, 95% CI: 1.05\u2013786.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.087), weighted median (OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 0.73\u20136.97,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.105), simple mode (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.08\u201321.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.866), and weighted mode (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.08\u201321.84,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.866). The robustness of these null findings was supported by subsequent sensitivity analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present MR analysis indicated that genetically predicted vitamin E was not causally associated with the risk of depression. However, a non\u2010linear association cannot be excluded and thus merits further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T17:20:56Z","timestamp":1780075256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic Causal Association Between Vitamin E and Depression: A Two\u2010Sample Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dehua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center)  Mianyang Sichuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center)  Mianyang Sichuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center)  Mianyang Sichuan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1507-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02932-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05264-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02255-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-01943-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116481"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2015.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2020.1853417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2013.1597.1600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13030352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2024.241526"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00427-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/898393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.09.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.05.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000720"}],"container-title":["Brain 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