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In migraine, it demonstrates a dual role, relieving attacks by counteracting adenosine\u2010mediated vasodilation and improving drug absorption yet potentially triggering them when intake is excessive or inconsistent due to mechanisms such as magnesium depletion, diuresis, and sleep disruption. Beyond migraine, caffeine shows therapeutic benefit in hypnic headache and PDPH, but chronic use may contribute to MOH through neuroadaptive changes. Abrupt cessation of caffeine often provokes caffeine\u2010withdrawal headache.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caffeine plays a complex role in headache disorders, acting as both a therapeutic agent and a potential trigger. Its effects depend on dosage, timing, individual susceptibility, and headache subtype. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for guiding clinical recommendations and optimizing caffeine use in headache management.Caffeine plays a complex role in headache disorders, acting as both a therapeutic agent and a potential trigger. In migraine, it demonstrates a dual role, either relieving or triggering. Beyond migraine, caffeine shows therapeutic benefit in hypnic headache, spontaneous intracranial hypotension, and PDPH, but chronic use may exacerbate idiopathic intracranial hypertension and contribute to MOH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:42:37Z","timestamp":1780980157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caffeine and Headache: Exploring the Multifaceted Relationship"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beni\u2010Suef University  Beni\u2010Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Cairo University  Cairo 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