{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:44:22Z","timestamp":1792395862483,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003121","name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003121","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) pose a major clinical challenge, especially when nerve gaps exceed 5\u00a0mm and spontaneous regeneration is inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate the regenerative potential of novel bone\u2010derived nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) fabricated from rat femoral diaphysis and chicken ulna as alternatives to conventional autologous and allogeneic grafts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demineralized and decellularized bone scaffolds were characterized for collagen preservation, luminal geometry, and mechanical and electrical properties. In vivo, the conduits were implanted to bridge 10\u00a0mm sciatic nerve gaps in rats. Functional recovery was assessed over 16 weeks using sciatic functional index (SFI), hot\u2010plate latency, and gastrocnemius muscle mass ratio. Histological analysis and RT\u2010qPCR profiling of ECM\u2010related genes (COL1A1, FN1, LAMB2, and Tenascin\u2010C) were performed to evaluate tissue integration and molecular responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chicken\u2010derived conduits showed superior tensile strength and elasticity, while both scaffold types supported hydration\u2010dependent ionic conductivity. In vivo results demonstrated progressive conduit resorption and nerve tissue replacement. Treated groups showed significant motor and sensory recovery compared to axotomy controls. Histology revealed early axonal infiltration, neovascularization, and remyelination. Gene expression analysis indicated scaffold\u2010specific temporal regulation aligned with regenerative phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone\u2010derived NGCs from rat femur and chicken ulna effectively supported structural, electrophysiological, and functional nerve regeneration. These findings highlight their promise as accessible, biocompatible alternatives to traditional grafts and provide a foundation for future translational research in peripheral nerve repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:17:28Z","timestamp":1788542248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decalcified and Decellularized Bone Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Comparative In Vivo Study Using Rat Femur and Chicken Ulna Conduits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Sepehri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Orthopedic Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Mahdavi\u2010Shahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza Behnam","family":"Rassouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07561-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198901000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4804(03)00255-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000753"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30747"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.158369"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Role of Extracellular Matrix in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Process","volume":"135","author":"Ghayour M. 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