{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:55:37Z","timestamp":1791291337149,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) is a validated tool for assessing psychological dependence across various substances and has been adapted for use in headache patients. No study has yet explored the effects of preventive anti\u2010CGRP treatments like atogepant on psychological dependence related to acute migraine medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective, real\u2010world, single\u2010center study on patients with migraine who were treated with atogepant 60\u00a0mg daily for 12 weeks. LDQ scores were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Monthly headache days (MHDs), acute medication use, and presence of psychiatric comorbidities were collected. A linear mixed\u2010effects model evaluated the effect of treatment over time, adjusting for medication overuse (MO) status and psychiatric comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 43 patients (69.8% with chronic migraine, 67.4% with MO). The LDQ total score significantly decreased from 7.95 \u00b1 5.79 to 6.42 \u00b1 5.08 after treatment (mean difference: \u20131.53,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032). Significant improvements were seen in three specific LDQ items reflecting loss of control, compulsive use, and psychological distress. No significant correlation was found between the reduction in LDQ score and the change in acute medication use. Mixed\u2010effects modeling confirmed a significant effect of treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022), but independent of MO or MOH status or psychiatric comorbidities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventive treatment with atogepant is associated with a significant reduction in psychological dependence on acute migraine medications, as measured by the LDQ. These findings support the need to assess dependence\u2010like behavior in clinical migraine care and highlight the potential behavioral benefits of effective preventive treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:31:11Z","timestamp":1784874671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atogepant Reduces Psychological Dependence on Acute Treatments Evaluated With the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Luigi Francesco","family":"Iannone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Science University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Romozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Universitario di Neuroscienze Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Roma Italy"},{"name":"Divisione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS  Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Boccalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology, Headache Center and Drug Abuse, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics AOU Policlinico di Modena  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia Lo","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology, Headache Center and Drug Abuse, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics AOU Policlinico di Modena  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Altamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio\u2010Medico  Roma Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio\u2010Medico Di Roma  Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Vernieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio\u2010Medico  Roma Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio\u2010Medico Di Roma  Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Guerzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital and Predictive Medicine, 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