{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:54:56Z","timestamp":1791291296593,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8240153568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8240153568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This network meta\u2010analysis (NMA) aimed to compare and rank the efficacy and acceptability of different noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques for migraine treatment in adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov through October 13, 2025, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with migraine. The primary outcomes were changes in monthly migraine days (MMD) and dropout rates, analyzed using a random\u2010effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , risk of bias (RoB) with the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and evidence quality with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This NMA integrated data from 28 RCTs encompassing 1920 participants. Among the evaluated interventions, visual cortex (V1) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over Oz\u2013Cz (VC\u2010tDCS\u2010OzCz)\u2014an anodal protocol targeting the V1\u2014ranked highest for reducing MMD (mean difference [MD] = \u22121.75; 95% CI: \u22123.37 to \u22120.13; surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA]: 83.5%). For acceptability, only transcutaneous occipital nerve stimulation (tONS) significantly reduced dropout rates versus sham (risk ratio [RR] = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16\u20130.82).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the interventions evaluated, VC\u2010tDCS\u2010OzCz showed the largest reduction in MMD. However, these findings are based on predominantly moderate\u2010to\u2010low certainty evidence (GRADE), substantial heterogeneity, and a sparse network; they require confirmation in adequately powered, protocol\u2010standardized trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T04:30:43Z","timestamp":1784521843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Migraine: A Systematic Review and Network Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0399-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Ting","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital  Beijing 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