{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:56:07Z","timestamp":1791291367362,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is frequently associated with co\u2010occurring mental health challenges, such as anxiety and irritability, which severely impair quality of life. While nutritional research typically targets core ASD symptoms, this narrative synthesis specifically investigates the impact of nutritional interventions on these psychiatric comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A structured literature search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Twenty\u2010one peer\u2010reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on the relationship between dietary interventions\/supplements and mental health outcomes in ASD populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings regarding gluten\u2010free and casein\u2010free (GFCF) diets remain inconclusive due to highly mixed results. While some trials involving vitamin D3, omega\u20103 fatty acids, and probiotics have reported improvements in anxiety and irritability, these findings are characterized by significant inconsistency. The overall strength of the evidence is limited by small sample sizes, short intervention durations, heterogeneous dosage protocols, and the use of diverse behavioral assessment scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D3, omega\u20103 fatty acids, and probiotics show preliminary signals of benefit for managing certain mental health symptoms in ASD; however, current data are insufficient to confirm clinical effectiveness or to support the development of formal clinical guidelines. Future research requires large\u2010scale, randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trials with standardized outcome measures and longer follow\u2010up periods to clarify these inconsistent findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:15:16Z","timestamp":1783527316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Nutritional Factors on Mental Health Problems in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Synthesis of Current Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9435-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nalan Hakime","family":"Nogay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Health Sciences Bursa Uludag University  Bursa Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9556-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulin Ozturk","family":"Ozkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Health Sciences Istanbul Medeniyet University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030369"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891\u20104222(95)00039\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2018.0156"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crtox.2024.100170"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489\u2010022\u201000348\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2023.102168"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem\u20102015\u20100473"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1817\u20101745.147574"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803\u2010010\u20101078\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030370"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.2.464S"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2022.105588"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2022.2031494"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","article-title":"Omega\u20103 Fatty Acid Supplementation for Depression in Children and Adolescents","volume":"2024","author":"Campisi S. 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