{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:56:29Z","timestamp":1791291389249,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smartphone\u2010based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) enables the real\u2010time measurement of emotional states in daily life, reducing recall bias and capturing clinically meaningful fluctuations. However, evidence regarding the reliability and validity of EMA measures remains limited, and validated instruments are scarce, highlighting the need for EMA\u2010specific psychometric evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the reliability, validity, and structural characteristics of a brief 11\u2010item smartphone\u2010based EMA of mood in a non\u2010clinical sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating a 1\u2010week digital self\u2010efficacy training in a stress\u2010enriched non\u2010clinical sample of 93 Swiss university students. Baseline psychometric assessments included the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the General Self\u2010Efficacy Scale (GSE), the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The EMA assessment included moods such as cheerful, irritated, anxious, happy, insecure, lonely, relaxed, sad, overthinking, focused, and stressed. Analyses included descriptive statistics, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and external validity (correlations between baseline questionnaires and participant\u2010level aggregated EMA ratings from the first 24 h). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and network analyses assessed the structure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We considered the data of all 93 participants for the analysis. Participants (78.5% female) were on average 23.27 years of age (\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3.49). EMA items showed normal distribution, good internal consistency (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.88), and low correlations (0.19\u20130.39) with the BDI II, the PANAS positive affect subscale, and the GSE. Moderate correlations (0.40\u20130.48) were found with the PANAS negative affect subscale, the STAI, and the PSS. An exploratory factor analysis indicated two or three factors, while network analysis revealed positive and negative affect communities. Confirmatory analysis suggested that the network model showed the most favorable fit indices among the models examined (CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The smartphone\u2010based EMA mood item set provided preliminary evidence of reliability and validity in this stress\u2010enriched non\u2010clinical student sample. Findings suggest differentiation between positive and negative affective states, as well as between depressive and anxiety\u2010related features. These results support the potential utility of the item set for monitoring transient mood states in non\u2010clinical populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:45:16Z","timestamp":1784022316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric Evaluation of Ecological Momentary Assessment Items for Mood in a Non\u2010Clinical Sample"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Rohde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Homan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Digital Mental Health Management Research Group, Healthy Longevity Center University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta A.","family":"Marciniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies Erasmus University Rotterdam  Rotterdam Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffi","family":"Weidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Psychiatric Services St. Gallen University of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Seifritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan T.","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Psychiatric Services St. Gallen University of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2015.1038388"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck A. T.1996. \u201cManual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II.\u201d [cited 2023 Oct 28].https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1370564063990947215.","DOI":"10.1037\/t00742-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272\u20107358(88)90050\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359\u2010023\u201001249\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586\u2010021\u201000055\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010020\u201001500\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","unstructured":"Cohen S.1988.Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States. Sage."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182546f18"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/0144665031752934"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32598\/JRH.1442.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/iwcomp\/iwaa019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01788"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245920952393"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000381"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614536164"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.642044"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119788"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813995-0.00030-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038822"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","first-page":"202","volume-title":"The Affect Effect","author":"Huddy L.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence8040035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911221146341"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108260.1983.tb00610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010\u20100277(93)90035\u2010T"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regg.2020.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JRLP.139.5.439\u2010457"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608\u2010023\u201010378\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12505"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241249267"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191120976851"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20513"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010024\u201002445\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1999.2838"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116892"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/45749"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722003336"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0753-5_2825"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116504"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Manual for the State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y): Self\u2010Evaluation Questionnaire","author":"Spielberger C.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","first-page":"34","volume-title":"STAI Manual for the State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (\u201cSelf\u2010Evaluation Questionnaire\u201d)","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073915575407"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4805_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres E. N. L. M.Silvestrin A.Felix andC. E. B.Junior.2023. \u201cA Systematic Review of Cultural Adaptations of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).\u201dPsyArXiv.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/yx4s8.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/yx4s8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17522439.2019.1578401"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/39817"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516\u20104446\u20102012\u20101048"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107525\u20108\u201057"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10731911211067538"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01490400.2016.1209140"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71598","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.71598","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71598","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:16:12Z","timestamp":1791288972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.71598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.71598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.71598","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71598"}}