{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:56:04Z","timestamp":1791291364968,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n While functional seizures (FSs) are far more common among women, previous studies found only a few differences between the two sex groups in relation to semiological characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To compare motor FS semiology between men and women.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty consecutive females and 28 consecutive males who underwent video\u2010electroencephalogram and were diagnosed with FSs (without akinetic\/dialeptic seizures) were included in this study. Semiology was classified into generalized motor, subjective symptoms, and focal motor. In addition, the involvement of limbs, head, face, and pelvis, as well as the presence of hyperventilation, crying, and pre\u2010ictal freeze, was compared in occurrence between females and males. A\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n No significant difference was found in the duration of seizures. Also, age at admission and duration of disease did not differ significantly between the groups. Crying and pre\u2010ictal freeze were significantly more prevalent among females.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Crying and pre\u2010ictal freeze are more common among females. These findings are consistent with sex\u2010related differences in trauma\u2010related defensive responses within the freeze\u2013discharge framework of FSs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:05:14Z","timestamp":1783526714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Semiology of Functional Seizures: Sex\u2010Related Differences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7639-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronen","family":"Spierer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lior","family":"Yavetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of 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