{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:30:24Z","timestamp":1789047024775,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008792","name":"Novartis Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["528297171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["528297171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010571","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010571","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identifying people with relapsing\u2010remitting multiple sclerosis (pwRRMS) at risk of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) remains an unmet clinical need. Optical coherence tomography (OCT)\u2010derived measures of retinal neuroaxonal damage may provide prognostic value. This study aimed to evaluate whether peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell\u2010inner plexiform layer (GCIP) thickness predict PIRA within a heterogenous group of pwRRMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively screened pwRRMS with \u2265 2 years relapse\u2010free follow\u2010up from prospective observational cohort studies in Berlin (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 74) and Munich (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 146). PIRA was defined as disability worsening, determined by method\u2010specific thresholds across multimodal assessments, sustained until end of follow\u2010up. Analyses were restricted to non\u2010optic neuritis eyes. Cox hazard models were used to assess the adjusted hazard (aHR) of PIRA with age\u2010adjusted pRNFL or GCIP\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 220 pwRRMS (age: 38.1 \u00b1 9.9 years), 65 (29.5%) developed PIRA over a follow\u2010up of 2.9 [IQR: 1.6\u20134.1] years. No associations between OCT measures and PIRA were found within the overall study population or Munich cohort. In the Berlin cohort, thinner pRNFL predicted PIRA (aHR [95% CI] = 1.41 [1.03\u20131.92],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032), while GCIP did not (aHR [95% CI] = 1.38 [0.90\u20132.10],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.140).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OCT measurements do not predict the hazard of PIRA within a heterogeneous group of pwRRMS. However, they have potential prognostic value in early disease stages. Clinical characteristics might influence the association and require further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:08:31Z","timestamp":1785251311000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal Layer Thickness for Risk Stratification of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Relapsing\u2010Remitting Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8669-2804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Braginets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center a Cooperation between Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin 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Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva\u2010Maria","family":"Strau\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health Technical University of Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4074-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Leutloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center a Cooperation between Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"NCRC\u2013Neuroscience\u00a0Clinical Research Center Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\u00a0Berlin, Corporate Member Of\u00a0Freie\u00a0Universit\u00e4t\u00a0Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t\u00a0zu\u00a0Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4833-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Schmitz\u2010H\u00fcbsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center a Cooperation between Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"NCRC\u2013Neuroscience\u00a0Clinical Research Center Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin\u00a0Berlin, Corporate Member Of\u00a0Freie\u00a0Universit\u00e4t\u00a0Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t\u00a0zu\u00a0Berlin  Berlin 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