{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:54:40Z","timestamp":1791291280139,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This preliminary study aimed to investigate whether passive oscillatory body motion (PBM), a mechanical stimulus that reproduces vertical accelerations comparable to those generated during treadmill running, could activate the \u03b2\u2010endorphin (\u03b2\u2010END)\u2013related hypothalamus\u2013periaqueductal gray (PAG) pathway and alleviate fracture\u2010induced pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A murine fracture model was established in C57BL\/6J mice by inducing a left tibial fracture followed by 3 weeks of immobilization. Mice were randomly divided into a PBM group and a control group, and PBM was initiated the day after fracture (\u00b15 mm amplitude, 2 Hz, 30 min\/day, 5 days\/week, for 3 weeks). To measure pain thresholds, paw withdrawal thresholds were measured in an unblinded manner using the von Frey filament test. \u03b2\u2010END immunoreactivity and opioid receptor mu 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>Oprm1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) mRNA in the PAG, as well as pro\u2010opiomelanocortin (\n                      <jats:italic>Pomc<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus, were analyzed by immunofluorescence and qPCR, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PBM significantly increased the paw withdrawal threshold ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and \u03b2\u2010END immunoreactivity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) in the PAG. Moreover, as an exploratory observation,\n                      <jats:italic>Pomc<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression tended to increase in the PBM group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.07), whereas\n                      <jats:italic>Oprm1<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression did not differ between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.69).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This preliminary study provides initial evidence that PBM may attenuate fracture\u2010induced pain\u2010related behaviors and increase \u03b2\u2010END immunoreactivity in the PAG, possibly via the hypothalamus\u2013PAG pathway. PBM may represent a potential exercise\u2010mimetic approach for pain relief, although further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:36:28Z","timestamp":1784874988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Passive Oscillatory Body Motion Attenuates Pain\u2010Related Behaviors and Increases \u03b2\u2010Endorphin Immunoreactivity in a Murine Fracture Model: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ryoma","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Okura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyu","family":"Niida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyoshi","family":"Sakitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Center For Self\u2010Care Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)  Takamatsu Japan"},{"name":"Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)  Takamatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research National Rehabilitation Center For Persons with Disabilities  Tokorozawa 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