{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:31:08Z","timestamp":1789047068683,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR), an efferent feedback pathway, modulates cochlear gain to enhance signal detection in noise. It is commonly assessed non\u2010invasively via contralateral suppression of transient\u2010evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). While unmodulated noise is a standard elicitor, ecologically relevant amplitude\u2010modulated (AM) noises may be more effective activators, though literature findings are conflicting regarding the optimal modulation rate. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of unmodulated white noise (WN) and WN modulated at 10, 50, and 100\u00a0Hz (AM\u2010BBN) in eliciting the MOCR, as measured by TEOAE suppression. A secondary objective was to investigate the frequency specificity and laterality of the suppression effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty\u2010six normal\u2010hearing adults participated. TEOAEs were recorded ipsilaterally while presenting contralateral noise stimuli (WN, M10, M50, and M100 Hz) at 60\u00a0dB SPL. Suppression was measured across frequency bands (1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4\u00a0kHz) and ears. Non\u2010parametric statistical analyses were employed due to non\u2010normal data distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant main effect was found for stimulus type (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (3) = 28.45,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Post\u2010hoc analyses revealed that M50 and M100 Hz elicited significantly greater suppression than WN (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007, respectively) and M10 Hz. Suppression was strongest at lower frequencies (1\u20132\u00a0kHz) and weakest at 4\u00a0kHz (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The right ear showed significantly greater suppression than the left (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). No gender differences were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AM noises at moderate to high rates (50\u2013100\u00a0Hz) are more effective MOCR activators than unmodulated noise. The efferent system demonstrates clear frequency\u2010specific and lateralized efficacy, with maximal suppression at lower frequencies and in the right ear. These findings underscore the importance of the temporal characteristics of contralateral stimuli and suggest optimized MOCR assessment using ecologically relevant, fluctuating sounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T07:10:53Z","timestamp":1786518653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Modulation Enhances Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Efficacy: A TEOAE Suppression Study With Amplitude\u2010Modulated Broadband Noise"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2192-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130rem","family":"Sendesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Department, Faculty of Health Science Gazi University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1685-7247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130rem","family":"Karakuluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Department, Faculty of Health Science At\u0131l\u0131m University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres13010007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/66700"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Using Stimulus Frequency Otoacoustic Emissions to Study Basic Properties of the human Medial Olivocochlear Reflex","author":"Backus B. 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