{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:44:28Z","timestamp":1792395868660,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the association between early clinical factors and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective analysis of 98 TBI patients who underwent emergency surgery between January 2021 and January 2024. Based on GOS scores at 6 months post\u2010surgery, patients were classified into a favorable outcome group (GOS\u00a0\u2265\u00a04, defined as moderate disability or good recovery,\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 58) and an unfavorable outcome group (GOS &lt; 4, i.e., death, persistent vegetative state, or severe disability,\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 40). Baseline and early clinical parameters were compared between groups. Statistically significant variables from univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to identify independent prognostic factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant intergroup differences were observed in age, time from injury to surgery, bleeding site, midline shift, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at admission, blood glucose level, and D\u2010dimer level (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that age, time from injury to surgery, GCS score, blood glucose, and D\u2010dimer level were independent predictors of GOS (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early clinical factors, including age, time to surgery, GCS score, blood glucose, and D\u2010dimer level, independently influence GOS in TBI patients. Time from injury to surgery\u00a0emerged as a potentially modifiable factor in this cohort, suggesting that minimizing delays may improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T06:57:03Z","timestamp":1788073023000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the Relationship between Early Clinical Factors and Glasgow Outcome Scale in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wanghan","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Yiwu Fuyuan Private Hospital  Yiwu City China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit Yiwu Fuyuan Private Hospital  Yiwu City China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Yiwu Fuyuan Private Hospital  Yiwu City China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.JNS17352"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134\u2010019\u201005805\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054\u2010017\u20101883\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.141110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(22)00309\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"Head Injury: Assessment and Early management: NICE Guideline [NG232]","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39461.643438.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390\u2010024\u201003679\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050165"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143\u2010010\u20100251\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51248\/.v43i1.2461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn501098\u201020231107\u201000293"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71703","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.71703","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71703","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:20:21Z","timestamp":1792394421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.71703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.71703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.71703","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71703"}}