{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:44:29Z","timestamp":1792395869645,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxiety and depressive symptoms frequently accompany Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the biological processes underlying these affective complications and their potential peripheral indicators remain incompletely understood. This study evaluated whether circulating concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) differed according to the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among individuals with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This exploratory study included 56 individuals with PD and 40 neurologically healthy participants matched for age and sex who were enrolled at the same institution. Clinical characterization included Hoehn\u2013Yahr staging, assessment of daily living function (ADL), cognitive evaluation using MMSE, and measurement of anxiety and depressive symptoms with HAMA\u201014 and HAMD\u201017. PD\u2010AD status was determined when participants simultaneously met the predefined cutoff values for both anxiety and depression assessment scales. Circulating concentrations of VIP, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u20101\u03b2 were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays. Relationships between biomarkers and clinical variables were examined through Spearman correlation testing, binary logistic regression modeling, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Relative to healthy participants, the PD group showed lower circulating VIP concentrations and higher IL\u20101\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 concentrations, with all comparisons reaching statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Among participants with PD, those meeting criteria for anxiety and depression showed an additional reduction in VIP accompanied by increased IL\u20101\u03b2 concentrations. Lower VIP concentrations were associated with higher HAMA\u201014 and HAMD\u201017 scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u20130.559 and\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u20130.853, respectively), whereas IL\u20101\u03b2 concentrations demonstrated positive relationships with both symptom scales. ROC analysis identified VIP as the biomarker with the strongest ability to distinguish PD\u2010AD from PD patients without affective symptoms (AUC = 0.892, 95% CI: 0.799 to 0.986; sensitivity: 0.842; specificity: 0.814). IL\u20101\u03b2 demonstrated a moderate capacity for classification, with an AUC of 0.796 (95% CI: 0.666 to 0.926).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that alterations in VIP and IL\u20101\u03b2 are associated with affective symptoms in PD and may contribute to biomarker\u2010based recognition of PD\u2010AD in clinical practice. Nevertheless, interpretation of these findings is limited by the observational cross\u2010sectional design and relatively small cohort size; future studies involving larger longitudinal populations are required for validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:32:38Z","timestamp":1788255158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum VIP and IL\u20101\u03b2 Levels Are Associated With Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Liangyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University  Xinxiang 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