{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:44:28Z","timestamp":1792395868685,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024Y9531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Y9531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine whether 1\u2010Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with Tai Chi Chuan exerts an additional effect on dual\u2010task performance in older adults with sleep disorders and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to explore the underlying cerebral hemodynamic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 110 older adults with sleep disorders and MCI were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of either 1\u2010Hz rTMS or sham stimulation in combination with Tai Chi Chuan. Dual\u2010task performance, gait and balance outcomes, and task\u2010evoked cerebral hemodynamic responses and functional connectivity measured using functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were assessed at baseline and after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with sham, active rTMS combined with Tai Chi Chuan significantly improved dual\u2010task performance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005). During dual\u2010tasking, greater activation was observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and frontal pole (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003), along with stronger connectivity between the premotor area and frontal pole (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.001) and between the premotor area and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001). Changes in left DLPFC activation correlated with changes in subtraction accuracy (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.313,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.034). Furthermore, changes in right DLPFC\u2013right OFC connectivity correlated with changes in subtraction accuracy (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.382,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.009).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When added to Tai Chi Chuan, 1\u2010Hz active rTMS improved dual\u2010task performance more than sham rTMS in older adults with sleep disorders and MCI. The observed changes in prefrontal and premotor activation and functional connectivity may contribute to this additional effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200063274). Registered on September 2, 2022;\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.html?proj\">https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.html?proj<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      =176982.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:26:27Z","timestamp":1789377987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Additional Effects of 1\u2010Hz rTMS Combined With Tai Chi Chuan on Dual\u2010Task Performance Among Older Adults With Sleep Disorders and MCI: An fNIRS\u2010Based Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Rehabilitation Medicine Fujian University of Traditional 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