{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:44:31Z","timestamp":1792395871502,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004061","name":"Oesterreichische Nationalbank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperative anxiety is a common experience among patients undergoing surgery. The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) is a short questionnaire designed to assess anxiety related to anesthesia and surgery, as well as patient's need for preoperative information (anesthesia and surgery). Despite its widespread use, comprehensive psychometric analyses using modern latent variable models remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional psychometric analysis nested within a larger observational study, parents of children undergoing surgery answered the APAIS before their children's surgery. Responses were analyzed using item response theory (IRT) methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 477 parents who participated in the survey, 476 completed the APAIS. Participant's age ranged from 24 to 65 years (female: 76.1%). None of the tested models (one\u2010 to three\u2010factor structures using different IRT\u2010models) showed acceptable fit across all indices (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] &lt; 0.08, Tucker\u2013Lewis index [TLI] \u2265 0.90, comparative fit index [CFI] \u2265 0.90). For the originally proposed factorial structure using a graded response model (RMSEA: 0.26, TLI: 0.82, CFI: 0.91), reliability was high (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.8) for the middle area of \u22121.4 to +2.7 logits for anxiety and \u22121.4 to +1.8 logits for need for information. The magnitude of all statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF) effects was below the predefined threshold for clinical relevance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None of the previously proposed factorial structures met the criteria for good model fit. The best\u2010fitting model was the original two\u2010factor structure, which showed poor model fit regarding RMSEA and acceptable model fit regarding CFI for all test models. TLI was acceptable for the partial credit model only. Further studies with larger sample sizes and the application of modern psychometric methods, such as IRT, are needed to clarify the factorial structure of the APAIS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:54:12Z","timestamp":1789455252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Factorial Structure of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale in Parents of Pediatric Surgical Patients: An Item Response Theory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5343-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Messerer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Burger\u2010Ringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0963-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Stijic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1084-5763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Avian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijso.2020.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.28004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","article-title":"The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)\u2014The First Trial of a German Version","volume":"4","author":"Berth H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psycho\u2010Social Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375\u20109393.16.11675\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag\u20101806\u201084"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i06"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v039.i08"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0001031"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010009\u20109464\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1713"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164418818242"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10519-153"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231208264"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051835"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/14.5.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2462"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","volume-title":"Coping\u2010Inventar Zum Umgang mit Stress\u2010Situationen. Deutschsprachige Adaptation des Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS)","author":"K\u00e4lin W.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","volume-title":"Das State\u2010Trait\u2010Angst\u2010Depressions\u2010Inventar (STADI)","author":"Laux L.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107525\u201011\u2010166"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955\u2010021\u201001736\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v90i11\u2010S.8893"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)","volume":"82","author":"Moerman N.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Validation of the Malay Version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)","volume":"70","author":"Mohd Fahmi Z.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Malaysia"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327574ijt0502_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1015561129899"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862\u2010022\u201009968\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2025.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.63486"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955\u2010017\u20100695\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955\u2010020\u201001294\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2016.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","volume-title":"A Handbook on the Theory and Methods of Differential Item Functioning (DIF): Logistic Regression Modeling as a Unitary Framework for Binary and Likert\u2010Type (Ordinal) Item Scores. Directorate of Human Resources Research and Evaluation","author":"Zumbo B. D.","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71760","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/brb3.71760","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/brb3.71760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:22:23Z","timestamp":1792394543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/brb3.71760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/brb3.71760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.71760","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-3279","2162-3279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-3279","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-3279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71760"}}