{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:44:17Z","timestamp":1792395857965,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004694","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMU\u2010TB115005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU\u2010TB115005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies have supported a multidimensional view of intelligence, particularly the concept of multiple intelligence (MI). However, the application and comprehensive understanding of MI in the context of aging have been explored infrequently. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Multiple Intelligence Scale for Older People (MISFOP) for community\u2010dwelling older adults, incorporating spiritual intelligence and ensuring cultural sensitivity through translation, adaptation, and psychometric validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The research comprised two studies to develop and validate the Chinese MISFOP. Study 1 involved translation and adaptation through expert review and pilot testing. Study 2 evaluated the 36\u2010item instrument with 428 older adults using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and correlations with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ESEM resulted in a 29\u2010item scale comprising an eight\u2010factor structure, merging intrapersonal and spiritual intelligences due to theoretical insights and statistical considerations. The revised model showed excellent fit using the comparative fit index (CFI = 0.991), non\u2010normed fit index (NNFI = 0.982), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.020), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR = 0.017), with high internal consistency for the total scale (Cronbach's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.91). Significant positive associations were found between MoCA scores and linguistic (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.36,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), logical\u2013mathematical (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.26,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007), and the combined intrapersonal\/spiritual intelligence (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.23,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest associations between specific MI domains and cognitive health, indicating potential applications in geriatric care. Moreover, further research with larger, longitudinal samples across different cultural contexts is necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:41:02Z","timestamp":1790228462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding Multiple Intelligences Among Older Adults: Development and Validation of the Multiple Intelligence Scale for Older People"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6960-6196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu\u2010Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Master Program of Long\u2010Term Care in Aging, College of Nursing Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Long\u2010Term Care Research Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department 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