{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:50:18Z","timestamp":1791607818637,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post\u2010stroke motor deficits cause disability, while paresis and comorbidities may limit high\u2010intensity training. Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) combines low\u2010intensity exercise with partial vascular occlusion and may promote neuromuscular adaptations at low loads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review synthesized peer\u2010reviewed evidence on BFRT in stroke rehabilitation. Stroke\u2010specific clinical studies, particularly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were prioritized for evaluating clinical effects; experimental, preclinical, physiological, mechanistic, review, and guideline evidence provided context. RCT data included participant characteristics, protocols, outcomes, and adverse events. Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 1). Findings were synthesized qualitatively without meta\u2010analysis or GRADE assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010seven reports were included, comprising eight stroke\u2010specific clinical studies and 59 contextual reports. Participants represented early, subacute, and chronic stroke stages, although stroke stage and baseline impairment were inconsistently reported. Studies generally enrolled medically stable individuals with adequate motor control, postural stability, or walking capacity; those with severe paresis or substantial mobility dependence were underrepresented. Improvements were reported in strength, motor function, balance, walking, mobility, activities of daily living, muscle morphology, and cortical activation. However, between\u2010group benefits were inconsistent, and BFRT was not consistently superior to conventional, unrestricted, or high\u2010intensity resistance exercise. No serious BFRT\u2010related adverse events were reported, but safety reporting was incomplete.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BFRT may be a useful low\u2010load adjunct for selected stroke survivors, particularly in lower\u2010limb rehabilitation. Evidence remains preliminary because of risk of bias, small samples, heterogeneous protocols, short follow\u2010up, and limited representation of severely impaired patients. Well\u2010controlled studies are needed before broad implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:41:07Z","timestamp":1791607267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blood Flow Restriction Training in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Gannan Medical University  Jiangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Gannan Medical University  Jiangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Gannan Medical University  Jiangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8222"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2023.2259170"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517\u2010022\u201002532\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873251338142","article-title":"European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Guideline on Motor Rehabilitation","volume":"10","author":"Alt Murphy M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Stroke Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798\u2010022\u201000475\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102935"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073\u2010019\u20100064\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0334123"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR\u2010D\u201024\u201000392"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010018\u20100994\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2021.1876856"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010024\u201006941\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae147"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873\u20103468.14894"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253521","article-title":"Effect of Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Damage Markers in Adults: A Systematic Review","volume":"16","author":"De Queiros V. 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