{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T10:34:56Z","timestamp":1792924496255,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Teacher burnout is an occupational health concern characterized by physical fatigue, cognitive weariness, and emotional exhaustion. This study examined longitudinal changes in burnout and resilience following a 10\u2010session online PERMA\u2010informed happiness intervention among junior high school English as a Foreign Language teachers in Tehran, Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, uncontrolled single\u2010group study assessed 70 enrolled EFL teachers; 65 contributed post\u2010test data, and 61 contributed 6\u2010month follow\u2010up data. The 61 complete cases were analyzed with repeated\u2010measures ANOVA. Summary\u2010statistic\u2010based contrasts were calculated under the pooled\u2010error repeated\u2010measures model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The archived omnibus analyses showed time\u2010related variation in total burnout (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (2, 120) = 12.34, uncorrected\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.171) and resilience (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (2, 120) = 15.78, uncorrected\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.208). Mean burnout was 3.80, 3.05, and 3.15 at baseline, post\u2010test, and 6 months, respectively; corresponding resilience means were 3.20, 3.95, and 3.90. Under the pooled\u2010error model, both post\u2010baseline contrasts differed from baseline (unadjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) for each total score; post\u2010test and follow\u2010up did not differ significantly. Original individual\u2010level data and sphericity diagnostics were unavailable to verify these conditional contrasts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Burnout and resilience followed distinct within\u2010group trajectories after participation in the PERMA\u2010informed program. Model\u2010based contrasts indicated baseline\u2010to\u2010later differences, conditional on the assumed pooled\u2010error model. The uncontrolled design, baseline\u2010based selection, missing participant\u2010level data, and unverified sphericity assumptions preclude a causal interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:33:06Z","timestamp":1792132386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burnout and Resilience Following a PERMA\u2010Informed Happiness Intervention: A Single\u2010Group Repeated\u2010Measures Study of EFL Teachers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shuxuan","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts Yanbian University  Yanji China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goudarz","family":"Alibakhshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902\u2010011\u20109267\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40862\u2010020\u201000102\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2011.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2020.1752783"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648\u2010021\u201009581\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102022\u2010071203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Teachers' Resilience Scale: An Integrated Instrument for Assessing Protective Factors of Teachers\u2032 Resilience","volume":"15","author":"Daniilidou A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hellenic Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/collabra.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.56.3.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10780\u2010023\u201009499\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cap0000033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199926725.003.0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359\u2010025\u201002985\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089\u20102680.9.2.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30466\/ijltr.2025.55087.2649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2017.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40862\u2010024\u201000264\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010010418\u2010102955"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/job.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.55.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","volume-title":"Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well\u2010Being","author":"Seligman M. 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