{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T10:34:52Z","timestamp":1792924492728,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JC\u2010YBMS\u20101018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JC\u2010YBMS\u20101018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011434","name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["sklms2023013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["sklms2023013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression is a global health burden associated with sleep disruption and inflammation. While acute sleep deprivation (ASD) can alleviate depressive symptoms, chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) is a risk factor for mood disorders. However, the contrasting mechanisms underlying these opposing outcomes remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We integrated behavioral profiling, multi\u2010region transcriptomics, and multiplex cytokine analysis to separately characterize the effects of ASD in a pain\u2010depression comorbidity model and CSD in normal mice. Adult male C57BL\/6J mice (n = 6 per group) were subjected to either a single 6\u2010h total sleep deprivation (ASD) or 6\u2010h daily sleep deprivation for 14 consecutive days (CSD). Behavioral testing included the tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and sucrose preference test (SPT). Following the interventions, five brain regions\u2014prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), agranular insular cortex (AI), parietal cortex (PAR), and retrosplenial cortex (RSP)\u2014were dissected. Cytokine levels were quantified using a multiplex panel targeting 15 analytes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioral tests demonstrated that ASD alleviated despair\u2010like behaviors induced by spared nerve injury surgery, whereas CSD resulted in anxiety\u2010 and despair\u2010like behaviors. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) exhibited prominent transcriptomic responses to both ASD and CSD, with a substantial number of differentially expressed mRNAs. Transcriptome sequencing confirmed stable differential expression of mRNAs across multiple brain regions. Notable genes linked to depression, including Plin4 and Sult1a1, emerged as potential targets for further research. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs in the PFC indicated that IL\u20106 and TNF were primarily associated with these changes following ASD. Additionally, inflammatory factors such as BAFF, CHI3L1, IL\u20104, IL\u20106R alpha, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, TNFRSF1B, IL\u201012 p70, TWEAK, and osteopontin significantly decreased in the ASD group but increased in the CSD group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study elucidates that ASD is associated with alleviation of despair\u2010like behaviors and concurrent suppression of multiple inflammatory factors; however, the causal relationship between these observations requires further experimental validation. These findings open new research avenues for identifying potential depression treatment targets. Future research should explore the functional implications of these transcriptomic changes and their relevance for developing novel antidepressant strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance Statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study elucidates that ASD is associated with alleviation of despair\u2010like behaviors and concurrent suppression of multiple inflammatory factors; however, the causal relationship between these observations requires further experimental validation. These findings open new research avenues for identifying potential depression treatment targets. Future research should explore the functional implications of these transcriptomic changes and their relevance for developing novel antidepressant strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:05:51Z","timestamp":1792425951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behavioral, Transcriptomic, and Neuroinflammatory Effects of Sleep Deprivation: Insights From Separate Acute and Chronic Experimental Paradigms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Guohong","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an China"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medicine Fourth Military Medical University  Xi'an 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