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Due to retraction of the nerve stumps, end\u2010to\u2010end neurorrhaphy is usually unfeasible. In such cases, autologous grafts are widely used, nonetheless with some disadvantages, such as mismatching of donor nerve dimensions and formation of painful neuromas at the donor area. Tubulization, using bioresorbable polymers, can potentially replace nerve grafting, although improvements are still necessary. Among promising bioresorbable synthetic polymers, poly(<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010lactic acid) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLLA<\/jats:styled-content>) and poly(\u03b5\u2010caprolactone) (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>) are the most studied. Carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets have been proposed, however, as adjuvants to improve mechanical and regenerative properties of tubular prostheses. Thus, the present work evaluated nerve tubulization repair following association of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>with nanoparticles of carbon (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPC<\/jats:styled-content>) and graphene (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPG<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For that, adult Lewis rats were subjected to unilateral sciatic nerve tubulization and allowed to survive for up to 8 and 12\u00a0weeks postsurgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nanocomposites mechanical\/chemical evaluation showed that nanoparticles do not alter<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>crystallinity, yet providing reinforcement of polymer matrix. Thus, there was a decrease in the enthalpy of melting when the mixture of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPG<\/jats:styled-content>was used. Nanocomposites displayed positive changes in molecular mobility in the amorphous phase of the polymer. Also, the loss modulus (E\u201d) and the glass transition exhibited highest values for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPG<\/jats:styled-content>. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPG<\/jats:styled-content>prostheses showed improved cell adhesion as compared to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>alone. Surgical procedures with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPG<\/jats:styled-content>were facilitated due to improved flexibility of the prosthesis, resulting in better stump positioning accuracy. In turn, a twofold increased number of myelinated axons was found in such repaired nerves. Consistent with that, target muscle atrophy protection has been observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the present data show that nanocomposite<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>tubes facilitate nerve repair and result in a better regenerative outcome, what may, in turn, represent a new alternative to pure<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCL<\/jats:styled-content>or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLLA<\/jats:styled-content>prostheses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T07:36:28Z","timestamp":1498808188000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Sciatic nerve repair using poly(\u03b5\u2010caprolactone) tubular prosthesis associated with nanoparticles of carbon and graphene"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kyl","family":"Assaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudenete Vieira","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana Silveira","family":"Derami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliana Aparecida","family":"de Rezende Duek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP Campinas Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Biomaterials Laboratory PUC\u2010SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helder Jose","family":"Ceragioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electric Engineering and Computation (FEEC) University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4224-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Leite Rodrigues","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2010.06.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.92.1.111","article-title":"Modified hydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogels as a modelling tool for the study of cell\u2010substratum interactions","volume":"92","author":"Bergethon P. 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