{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:15:44Z","timestamp":1780085744712,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Essential tremor (ET<\/jats:styled-content>) and Parkinson's disease (PD<\/jats:styled-content>) are the two most common movement disorders, and tremor is the most visible symptom. Comparative study on ET<\/jats:styled-content> and PD<\/jats:styled-content> clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms was performed to assess the impact of emotional state on tremor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To investigate the most common psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety and social phobia) and their correlations with motor symptoms, especially tremor, in ET<\/jats:styled-content> and PD<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>This comparative cross\u2010sectional study consisted of neurological examinations, five self\u2010assessment questionnaires (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale [DASS<\/jats:styled-content>], Beck Depression Inventory [BDI<\/jats:styled-content>], Social Interaction Anxiety Scale [SIAS<\/jats:styled-content>], Social Phobia Scale [SPS<\/jats:styled-content>], and State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory[STAI<\/jats:styled-content>]), clinical interviews with 45 ET<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 40 PD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, and 40 controls (CG<\/jats:styled-content>), and statistical analysis was performed for 40:35:39 respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>BDI<\/jats:styled-content> revealed depressive disorders of various severities in all groups (ET<\/jats:styled-content>=79.5%, PD<\/jats:styled-content>=91.2%, and CG<\/jats:styled-content>=66.7%). The study found no significant difference between ET<\/jats:styled-content> and PD<\/jats:styled-content> groups (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.708) and significant difference between the patients and controls (ET<\/jats:styled-content>\/CG <\/jats:styled-content>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.049; PD<\/jats:styled-content>\/CG <\/jats:styled-content>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.007).<\/jats:p>Depression (DASS<\/jats:styled-content>(D), BDI<\/jats:styled-content>) did not correlate with tremor severity (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0>\u00a0.05) in ET<\/jats:styled-content> and PD<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p>The prevalence of social phobia was ET<\/jats:styled-content>=50.0%, PD<\/jats:styled-content>=42.9%, and CG<\/jats:styled-content>=20.5%. There was significant difference between ET<\/jats:styled-content>\/CG<\/jats:styled-content> (SIAS <\/jats:styled-content>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02, SPS <\/jats:styled-content>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001) and PD<\/jats:styled-content>\/CG<\/jats:styled-content> (SPS <\/jats:styled-content>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.018), but no difference between ET<\/jats:styled-content> and PD<\/jats:styled-content> groups (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0>\u00a0.05). Tremor and SPS<\/jats:styled-content> moderately correlated in ET<\/jats:styled-content> patients (r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.35, p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>ET<\/jats:styled-content> and PD<\/jats:styled-content> patients showed high comorbidity of psychiatric disorders, but there was no significant difference between these two groups. ET<\/jats:styled-content> severity correlated with social phobia scale scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T11:16:52Z","timestamp":1501672612000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Depression and social phobia in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2257-3427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligita","family":"Smeltere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Center 4 Consulting Room for Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Medical Faculty of University of Latvia Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimirs","family":"Kuz\u0146ecovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty of University of Latvia Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Riga Center of Psychiatry and Addiction Disorders Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u0101rs","family":"Erts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty of University of Latvia Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association(2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th Ed. 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