{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T21:25:37Z","timestamp":1769203537797,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]],"date-time":"2017-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>In chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP<\/jats:styled-content>), exclusion of secondary axonal degeneration is challenging with conventional methods such as nerve conduction study (NCS<\/jats:styled-content>), needle electromyography, and nerve biopsy. Increased echo intensity (EI<\/jats:styled-content>) and decreased muscle thickness (MT<\/jats:styled-content>) identified on muscle ultrasound (MUS<\/jats:styled-content>) examination represent muscle denervation due to axonal degeneration in neurogenic disorders, suggesting MUS<\/jats:styled-content> as a new tool to detect secondary axonal degeneration in patients with CIDP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>EI<\/jats:styled-content> and MT<\/jats:styled-content> of abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and first dorsal interosseous muscles were measured in 16 CIDP<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Raw values were converted into z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores using data from 60 normal controls (NC<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Six of 45 muscles showed abnormally high EI<\/jats:styled-content> and low MT<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting denervation following secondary axonal degeneration. These six muscles belonged to two patients with long disease history, unresponsiveness to treatment, and long interval from onset to initial therapy. There were no significant differences in EI<\/jats:styled-content> and MT<\/jats:styled-content> (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.23 and .67, respectively) between the CIDP<\/jats:styled-content> and NC<\/jats:styled-content> groups, although NCS<\/jats:styled-content> results revealed obvious demyelinating abnormalities in all CIDP<\/jats:styled-content> patients, suggesting the fact that muscle structures will be preserved, and EI<\/jats:styled-content> and MT<\/jats:styled-content> will not change unless secondary axonal degeneration occurs in CIDP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>MUS<\/jats:styled-content> is a promising tool for evaluating secondary axonal degeneration in patients with CIDP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]],"date-time":"2017-09-15T08:42:36Z","timestamp":1505464956000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Quantitative muscle ultrasound is useful for evaluating secondary axonal degeneration in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-8672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiichi","family":"Hokkoku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Teikyo University School of Medicine Itabashi\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Matsukura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Teikyo University School of Medicine Itabashi\u2010ku Tokyo 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