{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:32:55Z","timestamp":1782491575843,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG HA3370\/5\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG HA3370\/5\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blepharospasm is characterized by involuntary eyelid spasms. It can be associated with perioral dystonia (Meige's syndrome or orofacial dystonia). We aimed at studying resting\u2010state functional brain connectivity in these patients and its potential modulation by therapeutic botulinum toxin injections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed resting\u2010state functional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> and a region of interest\u2010based analysis of functional connectivity in 13 patients with blepharospasm\/Meige's syndrome in comparison to 13 healthy controls. Patients were studied before and 4\u00a0weeks after botulinum toxin treatment. Simultaneous facial electromyography was applied to control for involuntary facial movements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before botulinum toxin treatment, patients showed reduced functional connectivity between caudate and primary sensorimotor, somatosensory association and visual cortices as well as between putamen and parietal association cortex. Cerebellar areas displayed decreased functional connectivity to somatosensory and visual association cortices. On the cortical level, connectivity was reduced between the cingulate cortex and the primary sensorimotor\/premotor and parietal association cortex, between premotor areas and the primary somatosensory cortices, and between the postcentral gyrus and temporoparietal, secondary somatosensory, cingular, and cerebellar regions. Botulinum toxin treatment modulated functional connectivity, especially between cerebellum and visual cortices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with blepharospasm\/Meige's syndrome show altered functional connectivity at rest in widespread brain regions including basal ganglia, cerebellar, primary\/secondary sensorimotor, and visual areas. Functionally, this may reflect a predisposition for defective movement inhibition and sensorimotor integration. Botulinum toxin treatment could modulate brain connectivity in blepharospasm by altering visual and sensory input.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T06:44:49Z","timestamp":1513579489000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Altered functional connectivity in blepharospasm\/orofacial dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9721-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Jochim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  Munich 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