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An increasing number of studies in the addiction literature suggests that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>modulates subjective self\u2010reported craving through stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLPFC<\/jats:styled-content>). The major goal of this study was to explore effects of bilateral<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLPFC<\/jats:styled-content>stimulation on resting state networks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSN<\/jats:styled-content>s) in association with drug craving modulation. We targeted three large\u2010scale<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSN<\/jats:styled-content>s; the default mode network (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMN<\/jats:styled-content>), the executive control network (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECN<\/jats:styled-content>), and the salience network (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen males were recruited after signing written informed consent. We conducted a double\u2010blinded sham\u2010controlled crossover study. Twenty\u2010minute \u201creal\u201d and \u201csham\u201d<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>(2\u00a0mA) were applied over the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLPFC<\/jats:styled-content>on two separate days in random order. Each subject received both stimulation conditions with a 1\u2010week washout period. The anode and cathode electrodes were located over the right and left<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLPFC<\/jats:styled-content>, respectively. Resting state<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>was acquired before and after real and sham stimulation. Subjective craving was assessed before and after each<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>scan. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSN<\/jats:styled-content>s were identified using seed\u2010based analysis and were compared using a generalized linear model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjective craving decreased significantly after real<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>compared to sham stimulation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.03). Moreover, the analysis shows significant modulation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMN<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECN<\/jats:styled-content>, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>after real<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>compared to sham stimulation. Additionally, alteration of subjective craving score was correlated with modified activation of the three networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the observed alteration of the targeted functional brain networks in methamphetamine users, new potentials are highlighted for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>as a network intervention strategy and rsf<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>as a suitable monitoring method for these interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T10:38:38Z","timestamp":1518691118000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Transcranial DC stimulation modifies functional connectivity of large\u2010scale brain networks in abstinent methamphetamine users"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Shahbabaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cognitive Science Studies Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Neuroimaging and Analysis Group Research Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Ebrahimpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging and Analysis Group Research Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NanoEngineering and\u00a0Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Nitsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors Dortmund Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Hatami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cognitive Science Studies Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences University of Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Fatemizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Oghabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging and Analysis Group Research Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6902-8798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Ekhtiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cognitive Science Studies Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Neuroimaging and Analysis Group Research Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.05.003","article-title":"Emotion reactivity and regulation in late\u2010life generalized anxiety disorder: Functional connectivity at baseline and post\u2010treatment","volume":"23","author":"Andreescu C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398335-0.00043-1","volume-title":"Biological research on addiction","author":"Boettiger C. 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