{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:01:22Z","timestamp":1791475282123,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81701171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009075","name":"Guangdong Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016GDASPT\u20100108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016GDASPT\u20100108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association of branch atherosclerotic disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAD<\/jats:styled-content>) and diabetes mellitus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) in the territory of posterior circulation is rarely discussed. Intracranial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAD<\/jats:styled-content> was divided into two different types: paramedian pontine arteries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPA<\/jats:styled-content>) disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>) and lenticulostriate arteries (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSA<\/jats:styled-content>) disease. The goal of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> and its association with hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiologically confirmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> was defined as an isolated unilateral infarction extending to the ventral surface of the pons. Small deep cerebral infarctions are usually caused by two different pathological changes of arteries: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAD<\/jats:styled-content> and lipohyalinotic degeneration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content>). We compared the vascular risk factors between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPA<\/jats:styled-content> territory. A total of 159 stroke patients were analyzed (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a075; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a084). Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> were also categorized into two groups according to follow\u2010up modified Rankin Scale (Fm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RS<\/jats:styled-content>) scores. Logistic regression analyses were used for the evaluation of independent risk factors of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> and prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparison between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content> revealed statistical significance in fasting glucose, HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>), and uric acid (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.011, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.027, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.018, respectively). Compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> PPD<\/jats:styled-content> was only related to HbA1c (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.011) in logistic regression analysis. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups based on the stratification of Fm<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RS<\/jats:styled-content> scores in fasting glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>, and the occurrence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>. After multivariate analysis, only HbA1c was related with poor prognosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subtypes and prognosis of small deep brain infarcts are significantly influenced by elevated HbA1c level in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPA<\/jats:styled-content> territory. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> might play an important role in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T10:52:49Z","timestamp":1519815169000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characteristics of paramedian pontine arteries disease and its association with hemoglobinA1c"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1017-2554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqing","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute)  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinyao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilong","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuge","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou 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