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However, very few prospective studies have assessed changes in hippocampal gray matter prior to and following therapy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>, and no neuroimaging studies to date have longitudinally assessed military populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A pilot study was conducted, assessing patients with combat\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> with structural <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>. Participants were then assigned either to a treatment group or waiting\u2010list control group. After the treatment group received multimodal psychological therapy for approximately 6\u00a0weeks, both groups completed a second neuroimaging assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Region\u2010of\u2010interest analysis was used to measure gray matter volume in the hippocampus and amygdala. There was a group by time interaction; the therapy group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06) showed a significant increase in hippocampal volume and a nonsignificant trend toward an increase in amygdala volume following therapy, while no change was observed in the waiting\u2010list group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides initial evidence for increases in gray matter volume in the hippocampus in response to therapy for combat\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]],"date-time":"2018-04-07T00:19:01Z","timestamp":1523060341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hippocampal gray matter increases following multimodal psychological treatment for combat\u2010related post\u2010traumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6462-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oisin","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development Center for Lifespan Psychology  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Willmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Military Mental Health Military Hospital Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Gleich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte Charit\u00e9 University Medicine  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Gallinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Clinic Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Development Center for Lifespan Psychology  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Clinic Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Military Mental Health Military Hospital Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1248903"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"DSM\u2010IV: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th edition TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-012-0289-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.2.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2014.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02143-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700048017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4628-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/3305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60672-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.4.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.11.3.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Foa E. 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