{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:13:25Z","timestamp":1789712005834,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with intrathecal baclofen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content>) is commonly used in patients with severe spasticity. However, complications may occur after implantation of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010device, albeit mainly procedure\u2010 and device\u2010related problems. The aim of the study was to assess surgical\u2010 as well as catheter\u2010 and pump\u2010related complications and define their risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively evaluated all patients with an implanted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010device who were treated at the Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria, between 2006 and 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine of 116 (25%) patients experienced 32 complications: 5 procedure\u2010 and 27 device\u2010related (4 pump\u2010 and 23 catheter\u2010associated) problems occurred. Risk factors for sustaining any complication were a spinal localization of lesion (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>] <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.71, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.021), other catheter types than an Ascenda<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> catheter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.87, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.041), a lower modified Rankin Scale (median 4 vs. 5; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.86, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.015) and a higher Barthel Index (median 53 vs. 0; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.84, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.006). The median time from the last <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related surgery to the first complication was 18 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u201057) months. Overall, 47% complications occurred within the first year after any surgical procedure regarding the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010device, thereof 25% within the first month.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Procedure\u2010 and device\u2010related complications are frequent after implantation of an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010device with catheter\u2010associated complications as the most frequently encountered problems. Patients with a spinal origin of spasticity, a lower modified Rankin Scale and a higher Barthel Index have a higher risk to sustain a complication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T00:46:45Z","timestamp":1522457205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Eleven years\u2019 experience with Intrathecal Baclofen \u2013 Complications, risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6623-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Pucks\u2010Faes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hochzirl Hospital  Zirl Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Hitzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hochzirl Hospital  Zirl Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Matzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hochzirl Hospital  Zirl Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Fava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hochzirl Hospital  Zirl Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Verrienti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hochzirl Hospital  Zirl Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Laimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical University Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics Medical University Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leopold","family":"Saltuari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hochzirl Hospital  Zirl Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation  South Tyrol Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510200081036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460110084029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.3.0409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/575168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.1.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200201000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.78.2.0226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2002.1o042.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2007-22505","article-title":"A 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