{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:02:09Z","timestamp":1787317329610,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001791","name":"Griffith University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n D\u2010Cycloserine has potential to enhance exposure therapy outcomes. The current study presents a preliminary randomized, placebo\u2010controlled double\u2010blind pilot trial of\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010augmented one\u2010session treatment (\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for youth (7\u201314\u00a0years) with specific phobia. A secondary aim of this pilot study was to explore the effects of youth age and within\u2010session fear reduction as potential moderators of\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n outcomes in order to generate hypotheses for a larger trial. It was hypothesized that\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n would be associated with greater improvements than placebo, that children (7\u201310\u00a0years) would have greater benefits than adolescents (11\u201314\u00a0years), and that\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n effects would be stronger for participants with the greater within\u2010session fear reduction during the\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty\u2010five children and adolescents were randomized to either\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n combined with\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a017), or\n OST<\/jats:styled-content>\n combined with placebo (\n PBO<\/jats:styled-content>\n ;\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a018) and assessed at 1\u00a0week, 1\u00a0month, and 3\u00a0month following treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n There were no significant pre\u2010 to post\u2010treatment or follow\u2010up benefits of\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n relative to placebo. Secondary analyses of age indicated that relative to\n PBO<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with greater improvements for children (but not adolescents) on measures of severity at 1\u2010month follow\u2010up. Children in the\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n condition also showed significantly greater improvement to 1\u00a0month on global functioning relative to other groups. Conversely, adolescents had significant post\u2010treatment benefits in the\n PBO<\/jats:styled-content>\n condition on symptom severity measures relative to\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and adolescents in the\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n condition had significantly poorer functioning at 3\u00a0months relative to all other groups. Finally, there was a trend for within\u2010session fear reduction to be associated with moderating effects of\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , whereby greater reduction in fear was associated with greater functioning at one\u2010month follow\u2010up for children who received\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , relative to\n PBO<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Limitations<\/jats:title>\n The study sample was small and therefore conclusions are tentative and require replication.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Age and within\u2010session fear reduction may be important moderators of\n DCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010augmented one\u2010session exposure therapy, which requires testing in a fully powered randomized controlled trial.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T00:24:49Z","timestamp":1525220689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["D\u2010cycloserine\u2010augmented one\u2010session treatment of specific phobias in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4231-2227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara J.","family":"Farrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute QLD Griffith University Southport Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison M.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute QLD Griffith University Mt Gravatt Qld 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