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Some species seek refuge during the storm by moving, some remain in place and ride it out, and others move longer distances, avoiding the main impacts of the storm altogether. Tropical cyclones can have direct impacts on wildlife (e.g. mortality) but can also have indirect effects by altering resources and habitat, with downstream impacts on abundance and recruitment. Using examples from across taxa and ecosystems, we explore the pathways by which tropical cyclones can influence wildlife populations and communities. We describe tactics demonstrated by wildlife that enable them to survive the immediate impacts of the storm, as well as the longer\u2010term impacts after the storm. We give examples of tropical cyclones as a selective pressure and as a facilitator for the introduction of invasive species. We also describe how tropical cyclones may provide a net benefit to some native species. The ecological and evolutionary impacts of tropical cyclones on wildlife can be complex, as they are often intertwined with concurrent pressures from land\u2010use change, human development, and climate change. As the frequency of intense tropical cyclones is predicted to increase globally, identifying the mechanisms by which wildlife cope with such disturbances can aid in understanding and mitigating the impacts of climate change on wildlife.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/brv.70166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T11:34:54Z","timestamp":1775648094000},"page":"2081-2102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How wildlife respond to tropical cyclones: short\u2010term tactics and long\u2010term impacts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9481-7692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin L.","family":"Koen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cherokee Nation System Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center  7920 NW 71st St. Gainesville 32653 FL 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