{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T05:03:19Z","timestamp":1780117399758,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":284,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG070202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG070202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG061264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG061264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Reviews"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The apolipoprotein E \u03b54 (\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) allele is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and for multiple neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in healthy infants to adults, the encoded apolipoprotein E protein plays a role in many physiological functions, in both the periphery and in the brain, which can help us understand the biological contribution of this protein to disease. This review aims to describe the role of\n                    <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotype in a wide range of human physiological processes in healthy young\/middle\u2010aged individuals, including reproduction, cardiovascular health, inflammation, lipid metabolism, cognition, and brain structure\/function, as well as how\n                    <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotype mediates the effects of external factors in these individuals, such as traumatic brain injury, pollution, lifestyle factors, and viral infections. The research covered in this review demonstrates that a person's\n                    <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotype affects a wide array of human physiological processes, from infancy to adulthood, with important differences observed in male and female study participants. We also discuss the evolutionary involvement and the \u2018antagonistic pleiotropy\u2019 hypothesis of\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Understanding the biology and the mechanisms that are affected by\n                    <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotype in healthy young\/middle\u2010aged individuals is vital for understanding how this common allele contributes to the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and how these diseases can be prevented.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/brv.70187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:56:54Z","timestamp":1780117014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The physiological effects of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>APOE<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    genotype in healthy young\/middle\u2010aged individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-7127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherida M.","family":"de Leeuw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University  630 West 168<sup>th<\/sup> Street New York NY 10032 USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University  630 West 168<sup>th<\/sup> Street New York NY 10032 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheina","family":"Emrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA 19104 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Putter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  de Boelelaan Amsterdam HZ 1101 1081 the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5252-8048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal","family":"Nuriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain Columbia University  630 West 168<sup>th<\/sup> Street New York NY 10032 USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University  630 West 168<sup>th<\/sup> Street New York NY 10032 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.06.004","article-title":"An association between polymorphisms within the APOE gene and concussion aetiology in rugby union players","volume":"21","author":"Abrahams S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12766","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12766","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus and other flaviviridae viruses enter cells via low density lipoprotein receptor","volume":"96","author":"Agnello V.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2012.690055","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E genotypes, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status among mild and severe preeclamptic women from western Iran: protective role of apolipoprotein \u03b52 allele in severe preeclampsia","volume":"31","author":"Ahmadi R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2012.18.3.295","article-title":"Association between apolipoprotein E genotype, chronic liver disease, and hepatitis B virus","volume":"18","author":"Ahn S. 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