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Dynamic begging displays are often interpreted as costly, honest signals of need, with honesty maintained by viability costs, as proposed in Godfray's influential signalling model. However, this framework has faced increasing theoretical criticism and mixed empirical support. Here, we reassess three core predictions of the honest\u2010signalling framework. First, experimental evidence strongly supports begging as a signal of short\u2010term hunger, but evidence that it reliably reflects long\u2010term need or intrinsic quality is limited. Begging is also highly plastic, varying with prior experience, nestmate and parental behaviour, body temperature, brood size and other contextual factors. This raises questions about the precision and information content of the display. Second, although parents often increase provisioning in response to collective begging, food allocation within broods is frequently influenced by non\u2010begging cues such as size, position and colouration, and intense begging is not invariably rewarded. Sibling responses are also more diverse than predicted by purely competitive models, encompassing escalation, de\u2010escalation, negotiation and potentially prosocial coordination. Third, empirical support for direct costs of begging, particularly predation and physiological costs, remains weak or inconsistent, whereas indirect inclusive\u2010fitness trade\u2010offs appear more plausible. Together, these findings challenge assumptions of fully informative signals, invariant parental responsiveness and necessary direct signalling costs. We argue that future work should move beyond traditional signalling and scramble\u2010competition models by incorporating parental flexibility, receiver inattention, learning, signal and response plasticity, and family\u2010level rather than dyadic parent\u2013offspring interactions. We also outline conceptual and empirical avenues that may facilitate progress, highlighting a field that remains rich in unresolved questions and opportunities for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/brv.70210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:40:18Z","timestamp":1789778418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Food\u2010solicitation displays in nestling birds: still begging for answers"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7392-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Parejo\u2010Pulido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos (IREC), CSIC\u2010UCLM\u2010JCCM  Ronda de Toledo 12 Ciudad Real 13005 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0927-9111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Biol\u00f3gica de Do\u00f1ana (EBD), CSIC  Am\u00e9rico Vespucio 26 Sevilla 41092 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2004.05.005","article-title":"How should behavioural ecologists interpret measurements of immunity?","volume":"68","author":"Adamo S. 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