{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:54:11Z","timestamp":1787698451968,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,4]],"date-time":"2012-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sci &amp; The Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article describes the validation of the Angry Aggression Scales (AAS), the Behavior Inhibition System and the Behavior Activation System (BIS\/BAS) scales, the reactive aggression and proactive power scales in relation to a Norwegian sample of 101 antisocial youths with conduct problems (64 boys, 37 girls, mean age 15\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009years) and 101 prosocial controls matched on age, gender, education, ethnicity, and school district.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Maximum likelihood exploratory factor analyses with oblique rotation were performed on AAS, BIS\/BAS, reactive aggression and proactive power scales as well as computation of Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Tests for normality and homogeneity of variance were acceptable. Factor analyses of AAS and the proactive\/reactive aggression scales suggested a hierarchical structure comprising a single higher\u2010order angry aggression (AA) factor and four and two lower\u2010order factors, respectively. Moreover, results suggested one BIS factor and a single higher\u2010order BAS factor with three lower\u2010order factors related to drive, fun\u2010seeking and reward responsiveness. To compare scores of antisocial youths with controls, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests on the mean scale scores were computed. Results confirmed that antisocial youths were different from controls on the above\u2010mentioned scales. Consistent with the idea that anger is associated with approach motivation, AAS scores correlated with behavioral activation, but only explosive\/reactive and vengeful\/ruminative AA correlated with behavioral inhibition. Results generally validated the quadruple typology of aggression and violence proposed by Howard (2009). 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