{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:33:56Z","timestamp":1784748836166,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001598","name":"Mental Health Commission of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001598","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sci &amp; The Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The majority of individuals found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) in Canada spend some time in hospital before they are conditionally or absolutely (no conditions) discharged to the community by a legally mandated review board. By law, the decision to conditionally discharge an individual found NCRMD should be guided by the need to protect the public, the mental condition of the accused, and the other needs of the accused, especially regarding his\/her community reintegration. At the time of this study, Canadian legislation and case law required that the review board disposition should be the \u201cleast onerous and least restrictive\u201d possible for the accused. This means that, if there is no evidence that the person poses a significant risk to public safety, he\/she must be released. However, the Canadian Criminal Code does not specify the criteria that must be considered when making this risk assessment. This leads to two questions. (1) What predicts review board dispositions? (2) To what extent do disposition determinations reflect evidence\u2010based practices?<\/jats:p><jats:p>The present study examined dynamic and static predictors of detention in custody, conditional discharge (CD), and absolute discharge (AD) dispositions among persons found NCRMD across the three largest provinces in Canada.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The National Trajectory Project (NTP) examined men and women found NCRMD in British Columbia (BC), Qu\u00e9bec (QC), and Ontario (ON) between May 2000 and April 2005, followed until December 2008. For the purposes of this study, individuals who had at least one hearing with a review board were extracted from the NTP dataset (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091794: QC\u2009=\u20091089, ON\u2009=\u2009483, BC\u2009=\u2009222). Over the course of the study, 6743 review board hearings were examined (QC\u2009=\u20093505, ON\u2009=\u20092185, BC\u2009=\u20091053).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Despite advances in the risk assessment field, presentation of a comprehensive structured risk assessment to the review board was not the norm. Yet our findings suggest that review boards were taking into account a combination of empirically validated static and dynamic risk factors, as represented by the items of the HCR\u201020 risk assessment scheme. Particular attention was being paid to the behavior of the patient between hearings (e.g., violent acts, compliance with conditions). Severity of index offense was associated with review board decisions; though index severity is not related to recidivism, it is an important consideration in terms of public perceptions of the justice system and can be related to better established risk factors (i.e., criminal history and prior violence). Historical factors had more influence on the decision to detain someone, while clinical factors were more influential on an AD decision. Disposition stability was the most common trajectory, meaning that a patient with a prior CD disposition was most likely to receive another CD disposition at the next hearing.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Static and dynamic risk factors found in the HCR\u201020 influenced review board determinations, although presentation of a complete structured risk assessment is the exception, not the norm. Results suggest that clinicians recommending less restrictive dispositions are more likely to include a comprehensive risk assessment with their recommendation. An alternative explanation is that, when there is no comprehensive assessment of risk, the review board tends to be more cautious and apply more restrictive dispositions. The practice seems to be contrary to the legislation at the time of the study, given that there should be a presumption that the patient is not a significant threat. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T11:12:10Z","timestamp":1411038730000},"page":"577-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Dynamic and Static Factors Associated with Discharge Dispositions: The National Trajectory Project of Individuals Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Anne G.","family":"Crocker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Mental Health University Institute"},{"name":"McGill University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonia L.","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission \u2013 BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services and University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanick","family":"Charette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Mental Health University Institute"},{"name":"McGill University"},{"name":"Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission \u2013 BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services and University of British Columbia"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the National Defence Act (mental disorder) Bill C\u201014 House of Commons of Canada (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e300672004-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128705281756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2010.534698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2014.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.123.2.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20109125.1983.tb00270.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2010.534378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Braithwaite E. Laferri\u00e8re D. Charette Y. &Crocker A. G.(2011).Patterns of diagnostic stability in evaluations for review board hearings. Oral presentation at the 11th Annual Conference of the International Association of Forensic Mental Health Services Barcelona June\u2013July."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025790003139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160\u20102527(98)00011\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Uniform Crime Reporting Incident\u2010Based Survey, reporting manual","author":"Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics Policing Services Program","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"The National Trajectory Project of Individuals found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in Canada. Part 4 \u2013 Recidivism","author":"Charette Y.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Charette Y. Seto M. Crocker A. 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