{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:29:22Z","timestamp":1787588962836,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sci &amp; The Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the effect of cost\u2013benefit salience on simulated criminal punishment judgments. In two vignette\u2010based survey experiments, we sought to identify how the salience of decision costs influences laypeople's punishment judgments. In both experiments (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0109;\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0398), undergraduate participants made sentencing judgments with and without explicit information about the direct, material costs of incarceration. Using a within\u2010subjects design, Experiment 1 revealed that increasing the salience of incarceration costs mitigated punishments. However, when costs were not made salient, punishments were no lower than those made when the costs were externalized (i.e., paid by a third party). Experiment 2 showed the same pattern using a between\u2010subjects design. We conclude that, when laypeople formulate sentencing attitudes without exposure to the costs of the punishment, they are prone to discount those costs, behaving as if punishment is societally cost\u2010free. However, when cost information is salient, they utilize it, suggesting the operation of a genuine, albeit labile, punishment preference. We discuss the implications of these findings for psychological theories of decision making and for sentencing policy, including the degree of transparency about the relevant costs of incarceration during the decision process.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T03:23:48Z","timestamp":1543202628000},"page":"38-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Justice at any cost? The impact of cost\u2013benefit salience on criminal punishment judgments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Eyal","family":"Aharoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Department of Philosophy Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Kleider\u2010Offutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Brosnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Watzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.2011.568041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"213","volume-title":"The future of punishment","author":"Aharoni E.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Allyn B.(2018 March).Philadelphia's new DA wants prosecutors to talk cost of incarceration while in court. National Public Radio. Retrieved on April 2 2018 fromhttps:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/03\/31\/598318897\/philadephias\u2010new\u2010da\u2010wants\u2010prosecutors\u2010to\u2010talk\u2010cost\u2010of\u2010incarceration\u2010while\u2010in\u2010court"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1994.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.6.3.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Bates D. M. Maechler M. &Bolker B.(2012).lme4: Linear mixed\u2010effects models using S4 classes. (R package version 0.999999\u20130) [Computer software]. Retrieved from rproject. org website:http:\/\/CRAN.Rproject.org\/package0lme4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2490379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"Confronting cognitive \u201canchoring effect\u201d and \u201cblind spot\u201d biases in federal sentencing: A modest solution for reforming a fundamental flaw","volume":"104","author":"Bennett M. W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6435.00138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4284\/0038-4038-77.4.901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Guidance from above and beyond","volume":"58","author":"Chanenson S. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stanford Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1350\/ijep.2014.18.2.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167205282152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12098"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","article-title":"Philadelphia's new top prosecutor is rolling out wild, unprecedented criminal justice reforms","author":"Ewing M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Slate Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60318-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599764"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Advances in the psychology of human intelligence","author":"Frensch P. A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00150965"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016433"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Variation in working memory","author":"Hasher L.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/fsr.2012.25.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmac.2016.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.29.2.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2490937"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0771(199809)11:3<211::AID-BDM298>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","volume-title":"Thinking, fast and slow","author":"Kahneman D.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.5.1.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511803475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Variation in working Memory","author":"Kane M. J.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.132.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-015-9529-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.2012.686462"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmac.2016.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","unstructured":"Koppel S.(2018).Moral mode switching: From punishment to public health(doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from CUNY Academic Works.https:\/\/academicworks.cuny.edu\/gc_etds\/2493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","first-page":"1499","article-title":"Behavioral theories of judgment and decision making in legal scholarship: A literature review","volume":"51","author":"Langevoort D. C.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vanderbilt Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1998.2804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Invisible punishment: The collateral consequences of mass incarceration","author":"Mauer M.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-9053(02)16003-8","volume-title":"Advances in econometrics","author":"Morikawa T.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266267113000217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2490574"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(86)90034-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(87)90046-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780804780797"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10603-009-9107-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","first-page":"1829","article-title":"Concordance and conflict in intuitions of justice","volume":"91","author":"Robinson P. H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Minnesota Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"76","volume-title":"The new reflectionism in cognitive psychology","author":"Royzman E. B.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00055564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-2241\/a000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"A third view of the black box: Cognitive coherence in legal decision making","volume":"71","author":"Simon D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"University of Chicago Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8647-1_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.89.2.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.5.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90033-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2308\/TAR-274316","article-title":"The effects of accounting knowledge and context on the omission of opportunity costs in resource allocation decisions","author":"Vera\u2010Mu\u00f1oz S. C.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Accounting Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","unstructured":"White House(2016).Economic perspectives on incarceration and the criminal justice system(Government Report). Washington DC. Retrieved April 13 2018 fromhttps:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","unstructured":"Wong C. Aharoni E. Aliev G. &DuBois J.(2015).Blind collaborative justice: Testing the impact of expert blinding and consensus building on the validity of expert testimony(RAND Report RR\u2010804\u20101\u2010NIJ)."}],"container-title":["Behavioral Sciences &amp; the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbsl.2388","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bsl.2388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T05:51:53Z","timestamp":1775281913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bsl.2388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bsl.2388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bsl.2388","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-3936","1099-0798"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-3936","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0798","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}