{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T12:23:54Z","timestamp":1762691034112},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sci &amp; The Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article, we focus on two highly problematic issues in the manner in which the First Step Act of 2018 is being implemented by the Bureau of Prisons: an uncritical separation of \u201cdynamic risks\u201d and \u201ccriminogenic needs\u201d; and a spurious reliance on \u201cevidence\u2010based\u201d interventions to reduce recidivism risk. We argue that if the Act is to live up to its promise of being a game\u2010changing development in efforts to reduce crime while simultaneously shrinking mass incarceration, \u201cneeds assessment\u201d must be subject to vastly increased empirical attention, variable and causal risk factors must be identified and validly assessed, and interventions to reduce risk must be rigorously evaluated both for their fidelity of implementation and impact on recidivism. Rather than further proliferating programs that ostensibly reduce risk, we believe that serious consideration should be given to the Bureau of Prisons offering one signature, well\u2010established cognitive\u2010behavioral program that can simultaneously address multiple risk factors for moderate and high\u2010risk prisoners.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T08:03:45Z","timestamp":1585209825000},"page":"287-297","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lost in translation: \u201cRisks,\u201d \u201cneeds,\u201d and \u201cevidence\u201d in implementing the First Step Act"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Skeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Welfare and Goldman School of Public Policy University of California  Berkeley USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Monahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia School of Law  Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","volume-title":"Standards on Treatment of Prisoners","author":"American Bar Association","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854890017001004"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128705281756"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","volume-title":"The psychology of criminal conduct","author":"Bonta J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854811420678"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","unstructured":"Boston Consulting Group. (2016).Reducing Recidivism Through Programming in the Federal Prison Population:Final Report. Available athttps:\/\/www.justice.gov\/archives\/dag\/page\/file\/914031\/download"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowring v. Godwin. (1977) 551 F. 2d 44 (4thCir).","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1977-24467"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","volume-title":"The Effectiveness of Prison Programming: A Review of the Research Literature Examining the Impact of Federal, State, and Local Inmate Programming on Post\u2010Release Recidivism","author":"Bryne J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","volume-title":"Directory of National Programs","author":"Bureau of Prisons","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Prisons. (2019).Key Components of the Federal Bureau of Prisons' Current Needs Assessment System. Available athttps:\/\/www.bop.gov\/inmates\/fsa\/docs\/bop_current_needs_assessment_tools.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","unstructured":"California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. (2012).The Future of California Corrections. Available athttp:\/\/www.ccpoa.org\/files\/futureofcorrections2012.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","unstructured":"California State Auditor. (2019).California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation:Several Poor Administrative Practices Have Hindered Reductions in Recidivism and Denied Inmates Access to In\u2010Prison Rehabilitation Programs. Available athttps:\/\/www.auditor.ca.gov\/pdfs\/reports\/2018-113.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9133.12190"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Does the risk of recidivism for supervised offenders improve over time? Examining changes in the dynamic risk characteristics for offenders under federal supervision","volume":"78","author":"Cohen T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Federal Probation"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","unstructured":"Department of Justice. (2020).The First Step Act of 2018:Risk and Needs Assessment System \u2013 Update. Available athttps:\/\/nij.ojp.gov\/sites\/g\/files\/xyckuh171\/files\/media\/document\/the-first-step-act-of-2018-risk-and-needs-assessment-system-updated.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000351"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","volume-title":"The Use and Impact of Correctional Programming for Inmates of Pre\u2010 and Post\u2010Release Outcomes","author":"Duwe G.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","unstructured":"Garrett B.(December 27 2018).The Prison Reform Bill's Implementation Will Be Tricky:Here's How to Ensure It's a Success. 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