{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:07:20Z","timestamp":1792811240159,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sci &amp; The Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is an increasingly important issue in the New Zealand (NZ) Criminal Justice System (CJS). FASD may impact an offender's ability to participate meaningfully in the trial process, giving rise to the issue of unfitness to stand trial. Capacity to apprehend, comprehend, participate in, make decisions about and communicate within legal process intersect with the complexity and severity of charges. Courts are required to make a nuanced analysis of multiple and complex factors, merging medical and legal expertise into decisions made. We explore the nature of FASD and its implications for criminal justice in NZ. The legal and clinical issues in relation to fitness and FASD will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T23:10:01Z","timestamp":1639609801000},"page":"159-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unfitness to stand trial and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Understanding and responding to FASD within the criminal justice system in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Warren","family":"Brookbanks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland University of Technology  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"McGinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FASD Centre Aotearoa  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna Ting Wai","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Institute for Health Innovation School of Population Health The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Resolution 112B","author":"American Bar Association","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"520","article-title":"Judicial determination of fitness to plead\u2010the fitness hearing","volume":"7","author":"Brookbanks W.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Otago Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"A judicial response to foetal alcohol spectrum disorder","author":"Brookbanks W.","year":"2020","journal-title":"The New Zealand Law Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118752982.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24732850.2019.1620798"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Confabulation: Etiology, typology, and intervention","volume":"1","author":"Brown J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Research in Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and competency to stand trial (CST) case law: A need for further understanding and research","volume":"2","author":"Brown J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Scholars Today"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009318531003800403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Fixing our aim to aim for the fix","author":"Burd L.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Resolution 10\u201002\u2010A: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in the criminal justice system","author":"Canadian Bar Association","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2020.1771296"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199910000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2017.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2016.1149898"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"e426","article-title":"A need for closer examination of FASD by the criminal justice system: Has the call been answered?","volume":"18","author":"Gagnier K. 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