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Nearly 2000 participants were interviewed at baseline, and 1500 at 3 month and 1300 at 12 month follow\u2010up to baseline. In these interviews, outcome measures of re\u2010arrest, mental health functioning, substance abuse, quality of life, and service utilization were obtained. Those diverted were more likely to have received mental health counseling, mental health medication, and mental health hospitalization than those not enrolled in a diversion program, but were equally likely to have received substance abuse counseling. Overall, the differences in proportions receiving services between the two groups were small, even when these differences were statistically significant. The effect associated with diversion differed somewhat across the individual sites. However, overall cross\u2010site pooled analyses revealed no outcome differences between groups on measures of mental health symptoms, substance use, criminal justice recidivism, or quality of life. Although the immediate benefit of diversion as an access mechanism to community treatment is indicated in pooled cross\u2010site results, such access was driven by more coercive (pre\u2010booking and court) models and results suggest that effecting substantially greater access to services or services use did not occur. The findings also suggest that mental health, substance abuse, and criminal justice outcomes remain dependent on the treatment intervention received, perhaps moderated by type of diversion intervention, rather than on a generic and initial diversion event. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,22]],"date-time":"2004-07-22T10:03:12Z","timestamp":1090490592000},"page":"519-541","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Effects of diversion on adults with co\u2010occurring mental illness and substance use: outcomes from a national multi\u2010site study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nahama","family":"Broner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela K.","family":"Lattimore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Cowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Schlenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.46.10.1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.1007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test to identify problem drinkers under federal supervision","volume":"60","author":"Blevins L. 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