{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T10:48:41Z","timestamp":1764672521775,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sci &amp;amp; The Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is a single\u2010case study of Mohammed Atta that utilizes Theodore Millon's model of personality disorders to explore Atta's transformation from a markedly shy, sensitive, and gentle person who abhorred fanaticism and violence into one of the leaders of the 9\/11 terrorist attacks. First, a brief review of Atta's life and personality is presented. This is followed by a delineation of three possible pathways that could explain his transformation. These pathways include what Millon identified as a puritanical compulsive personality, a selfless dependent personality, and a spineless denigrating personality. Because personality is complex and multifaceted, it is noted that Atta's transformation could have been a result of some combination of these three personality dynamics. The role of personality factors, in combination with life circumstances, in expanding our understanding of the radicalization process is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.70011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T06:55:18Z","timestamp":1757746518000},"page":"597-605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Transformation of Mohamed Atta: The Relevance of Personality in Radicalization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-4897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Langman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ZeroEyes, Inc  Conshohocken Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"volume-title":"Atta\u2019s Odyssey","year":"2001","author":"Cloud J.","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","article-title":"From Kind Teacher to Murderous Zealot","author":"Crewdson J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chicago Tribune"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","article-title":"A Fanatic\u2019s Quiet Path to Terror","author":"Finn P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Washington Post"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","article-title":"Hamburg\u2019s Cauldron of Terror","author":"Finn P.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Washington Post"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"The Shy, Caring, Deadly Fanatic","author":"Hooper J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Guardian"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716208317539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Immelman A.(2002).\u201cThe Personality Profile of September 11 Hijack Ringleader Mohamed Atta.\u201d Paper Presented at the 25th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology. July 16\u201319 2002.http:\/\/digitalcommons.csbsju.edu\/psychology_pubs\/32\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"Kean et\u00a0al.2004.The 9\/11 Commission Report.https:\/\/www.9\u201011commission.gov\/report\/911Report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000091"},{"volume-title":"Why Kids Kill: Inside the Minds of School Shooters","year":"2009","author":"Langman P.","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11896\u2010011\u20109096\u20109"},{"volume-title":"Atta in Hamburg","year":"2002","author":"Lappin E.","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1"},{"volume-title":"Perfect Soldiers: The 9\/11 Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Did It","year":"2006","author":"McDermott T.","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa8202_2"},{"volume-title":"Disorders of Personality: DSM\u2010III, Axis II","year":"1981","author":"Millon T.","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1"},{"volume-title":"Disorders of Personality: DSV\u2010IV and Beyond","year":"1996","author":"Millon T.","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118099254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Psychopathy: Antisocial, Criminal and Violent Behavior","author":"Millon T.","year":"1998"},{"volume-title":"The Mind of the Terrorist: The Psychology of Terrorism From the IRA to al\u2010Qaeda","year":"2007","author":"Post J.","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1"},{"volume-title":"Portrait of the Terrorist as a Young Man","year":"2001","author":"Radwan A.","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","article-title":"A Nation Challenged: The Mastermind; A Portrait of the Terrorist: From Shy Child to Single\u2010Minded Killer","author":"Yardley J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"New York Times"}],"container-title":["Behavioral Sciences &amp; the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bsl.70011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T10:44:12Z","timestamp":1764672252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bsl.70011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bsl.70011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bsl.70011","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-3936","1099-0798"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0735-3936"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-0798"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}