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This study reconceptualizes rape myth theory by distinguishing between two distinct cognitive structures: consent myths that operate through everyday cultural reinforcement, and norm violation responses that activate through moral boundary violations. Analyzing 7701 Chinese rape case judgments (2012\u20132020), we demonstrate that these mechanisms produce opposing sentencing effects. Consent myths lead to sentencing discounts of 5%\u20139% for acquaintance and intimate partner cases, while norm violation responses trigger 25% longer sentences for familial cases. This dual\u2010structure framework explains previously puzzling cross\u2010cultural patterns, including why Chinese courts impose harsher punishment on family members than strangers. We identify two critical moderating factors that interact differently with these myth types. Lay assessor participation produces \u201caccidental equity\u201d through generalized punitiveness, compressing relationship\u2010based disparities via universal severity rather than bias correction. Provincial modernization demonstrates contradictory effects: reducing consent myth influence through changing gender norms while simultaneously amplifying norm violation responses through heightened moral sensitivity. Crucially, female educational advancement proves more effective than general economic growth in reducing rape myth influence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.70016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T09:50:04Z","timestamp":1759312204000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Consent Myths and Norm Violation Responses: Reconceptualizing Rape Myth Theory in Sexual Assault Sentencing in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3828-9642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yali","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Criminal Justice, Law School Renmin University of China  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4423-5077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Political Science, School of Social Science Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822378402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605241245999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520985487"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"The Behavior of Law","author":"Black D. 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